High School Musical Movie Series

45 From the investigation, Prabesti obtained 31 data of interruption. Those data were classified into four types, namely simple, overlap, butting-in, and silent interruption. The results suggested that the simple type was mostly used by the characters within their conversation while the silent type is the reverse. Moreover, in terms of the purposes of interruption, Prabesti categorized the data into two main groups, i.e. disruptive and cooperative. The disruptive group included five purposes, viz, floor-taking, disagreement, disinterest, rejection, and topic-change. In the cooperative group, there were four purposes: completing an anticipated point, showing interest in the topic, expressing supportive agreement, and showing understanding. In addition, two additional purposes specially found in the TV series were put into a different group called others. These purposes involved complaining and calming the situation. Based on the analysis, disagreement ranked the first in the quantity of occurrence. Furthermore, the second study was conducted in 2014 by Chera Kurnia Larasati entitled “ A Conversation Analysis of Interruptions in Modern Family Season 1 Series ” . The study focused on investigating interruption appearing in the first six episodes of the TV series. Larasati performed the study for the purpose of revealing two issues, namely the types and functions of interruption used by the characters in the TV series. The findings displayed that there were 57 interruptions gained from 6 episodes of the TV series. Similar to Prabest i’s, four types of interruption , namely simple, overlap, butting-in, and silent, were used in the classification of interruption. Out of the four types, simple interruption had the largest number of 46 appearance, while butting-in interruption, in contrast, made the lowest frequency of occurrence. In addition, there were three categories of functions of interruption discovered, i.e. disruptive, cooperative and neutral. The first category was subdivided into three functions, viz, agreement, assistance and clarification. Furthermore, four functions included in the second category were disagreement, floor-taking, topic-change, and tangentialization. Meanwhile, neutral function did not have any subcategory of function. In the results of the study, disagreement was known to have the biggest quantity of cases. Clarification, on the other hand, appeared to have the smallest cases. In summary, the two studies highlight similar problems to the present study since they are also concerned with analysing interruption in terms of its types and functions or purposes. Nonetheless, there are also some differences between the present research and those studies. Firstly, the present study observes the occurrences of interruption in a movie trilogy entitled High School Musical; meanwhile, those earlier studies focus on investigating interruption in drama television series namely Grey’s Anatomy season 1 and Modern Family season 1. Secondly, compared to the study conducted by Prabesti that applied Pragmatics as the approach, this research employs Conversation Analysis which emphasizes on the study of the structures of conversation shared by people in interaction. Conversation Analysis is chosen with regard to the notion that interruption in conversation appears as a form of violation of the usual conversational rules. Thirdly, in comparison with the two prior studies, the present research refers to slightly different theories or adds more theories to answer the second research 47 problem, i.e. the functions of interruption, in order to offer different and new points of view to assess the phenomenon under study.

C. Conceptual Framework

This research is aimed to examine an everyday phenomenon called conversation which becomes a central issue in the realm of Conversation Analysis CA. CA is an approach to the investigation of the organization of talk-in- interaction ranging from formal and informal as well as daily and institutional conversation. As the umbrella of a wide range of conversational subjects, CA deals with many issues such as adjacency pairs, sequence organization, preference structure, repair, interruption, and others. This research is specifically designed to scrutinize one of the phenomena namely interruption appearing in the conversation by the characters in High School Musical movie series. Interruption is an interactional phenomenon widely regarded as a turn- taking violation in which one speaker interferes with another’s turn of speaking. More specifically, it is a situation when a new speaker starts to speak before the main speaker finishes making hisher point in talking. In the study of conversation, interruption is actually a complex issue as there are various aspects that include in it. In this regard, observing interruption is interesting and certainly necessary so as to find out how interruption actually operates in the course of conversation. In relation to this research, the analysis of interruption is focused on two matters, that is, the types and the functions of interruption. To answer the first point, the researcher divides the interruption into four types based on Ferguson’s 48 classification of interruption. They are simple, overlap, butting-in, and silent interruptions. The classification is relied on the identification of three main features including the current speaker’s utterance completion, turns exchange and simultaneous speech. Based on those features, the four types of interruption are described as follows. 1. Simple interruption: the current speaker’s utterance is incomplete, the exchange of turns occurs, simultaneous speech may happen. 2. Overlap interruption: the current speaker’s utterance is complete, the exchange of turns occurs, simultaneous speech happens. 3. Butting-in interruption: the current speaker’s utterance is complete, no exchange of turns occurs, simultaneous speech may happen. 4. Silent interruption: the current speaker’s utterance is incomplete, the exchange of turns occurs, no simultaneous speech happens, initiated during a silence. To determine the completion of an utterance, some noticeable elements that exist along with the utterance are taken into account, including syntactic, prosodic, and non-verbal features. Syntactic identification is used to distinguish between a complete and an incomplete sentence, whereas the investigation into the prosodic marker, i.e. intonation, and the non-verbal behaviour, i.e. gesture and lip movement, serve to decide whether the purpose of the current speaker is to hold or to relinquish an ongoing turn. Furthermore, in connection with the functions of interruption, the researcher distinguishes three main categories of functions: intrusive or disruptive,