10 time, the attitudes of the people and other situational factors. Those factors
can affect perceptual accuracy.
5 Need
The next factor is need. According to Donnely, Gibson, and Invancevich 1985, perception is significantly influenced by needs and
desires. In other words, needs affect someone in shaping the perception. In learning process, the need of the students is important. The students will learn
what they need to learn. Therefore, it is significant for the lecturers to consider the
student’s needs.
6 Emotion
The last factor that affects the perception is emotion. Emotion has a big role to build someone’ perception. As supported by Donnely, Gibson, and
Invancevich 1985, “a person’s emotional state has a lot to do with
perception” p. 67. In addition, emotion can also develop negative or positive perception.
2. Speaking
According to Chaney 1998, “speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols in a variety of
contexts” p. 13. Speaking skill is one of the language skills that can be developed by the students to master English. Speaking skill is important because
people might think that a person who masters a particular language should be able
to speak that language. Ur 1996 said that speaking seems to be the most
important skill of all the four skills listening, speaking, reading and writing PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
11 because people who know a language are usually referred to as speakers of that
language. Richards 2008 noted that the succeed measurement of the foreign language learning process can be measured from how well the students can
improve their speaking skill. Thus, it is clear that teaching speaking is important for English as a Foreign Language EFL learners. Learning to speak a foreign
language requires more than knowing its grammatical and semantic rules, yet the learners must acquire the knowledge of how native speakers use the language in
the context of structured interpersonal exchange Richard and Renandya, 2002. It can be seen that the EFL learners need to have deep understanding on how to use
the language. Lado 1965 stated that “speaking ability is described as the ability
to express oneself in life situations or the ability to report acts or situations in precise words, or the ability to converse, or to express the sequences of ideas
fluently” p. 240. Obviously, speaking skill is not only about the grammatical rule but also the ability to express ideas fluently.
Nunan 2003 also noted that “speaking skill in the new language is more difficult than other skills
” p. 48. Therefore, the students might think that to have good speaking skill is challenging. However, speaking can build learners’
motivation and make English becomes a fun and dynamic place if the right
speaking activities are taught in the classroom Nunan, 2003.
3. Motivation
In the learning process, motivating the students is needed. Motivation might be achieved by the students through good reinforcements from lecturers or
the learning process itself. Based on Ormrod 2011, “motivation is something PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
