Factors of Perception Perception

12 that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior; it gets students moving, points them in a particular direction, and keeps them going” p. 362. Motivation also has several effects on learners’ behavior. The first is that motivation can direct behavior toward particular goals. It also increases effort and energy in reaching those goals. Moreover, it makes the students have initiation of and persistence in certain activities. Furthermore, it helps the students to face occasional interruptions and frustrations. Then, motivation also affects cognitive processes such as what learners pay attention to and how much they think about and elaborate on it Ormrod 2011 also said that people might think that motivation is something that the students bring to school. However, motivation is also about the environment in the school. Based on that fact, the condition in a class is very important to build the students’ motivation. There are two types of motivation which are extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation is when students are motivated by external factors. Learners who are extrinsically motivated may want the good grade, money, or recognition that particular activities and accomplishment. On the other hand, intrinsic motivation is when the students are motivated by factors within them. Harmer 2001 noted that “intrinsic motivation comes from within individual when a person might be motivated by enjoyment of the learning process itself or by desire to make themselves feel better” p. 51. In addition, learners who are intrinsically motivated may engage in an activity because it gives them pleasure, helps them develop skills that they think are important. In addition, 13 Schunk, Meece, and Pintrich 2014 have stated about the relation between motivation and interest. Students will say that when they do not learn it is because school and classes are boring and they cannot become interested in the work. This intuitive view of motivation proposes interest as an important aspect of motivation that causally influences attention, learning, thinking, and performance p. 247. It is clear that the students’ interest is able to motivate the students in their learning process.

4. Video Creating

Video is a form of multimedia that conveys information through two simultaneous sensory channels: aural and visual. It often uses multiple presentation modes, such as verbal and pictorial representations in the case of on- screen print and closed-captioning Mayer, 2001. A video communicates the same information to the students through simultaneous learning modalities and can provide students with “multiple entry points” Gardner, 2006 into the content. In this research, the researcher focuses on the video as a part of the learning process where the students create the video. In other words, the students deal with the video creating activity. The main focus of this activity is the speaking aspect where the students express their ideas in front of the camera. According to Harmer 2001, “video making activities suggest ways in which the camera can become a central learning aid, as a result of which students work cooperatively together using a wide variety of language both the process and the product of video- making” p. 290. Therefore, video can be a playback monitor PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 14 for the students to do activity. Harmer 2001 also states that “video can enhance simulation, not only because it can provide very telling feedback when the students can watch themselves and evaluate their performance ” p. 290. By using the video, the students can see themselves after creating the video.

B. Theoretical Framework

In the theoretical framework, the researcher related the theories to this study. This study deals with Management students’ perception on the video creating activity to improve speaking skill. Based on the theory about perception from Flemming and Levi 1998, perception is the process when someone is aware of the condition around. In other words, the perception is influenced by the environment. Hence, the students could give their perception on creating a video of how to make something based on their experiences. In addition, the researcher used the theory from Donnelly, Gibson, and Ivancevich 1985 on the six factors that influences the perception. They are stereotype, selectivity, self-concept, situation, need, and emotion. The theory was used to answer the research question that related to the perception. In the learning process , the students’ perception can also build their motivation. As stated by Glynn and Owens 2005, there is a relationship between the students’ positive perception and the learning motivation. If the students have a good perception on their learning process, they will have the motivation to learn something. In order to make an enjoyable learning process to build students’ good perception, the lecturers should be able to develop one of the interesting activities.