8 In the learning process, t
he students’ perception is very important. The s
tudents’ perception toward their learning in the class can be a parameter whether the learning process is successful or not. Hardy and Heyes 1994 defined that
“the basic form of perception is people’s born talent; meanwhile perceptional ability is the result of learning, which is determined by the
environment”. In other words, perception is the
personal’s interpretation which is influenced by the environment.
From those definitions, perception can be defined as a process in which an individual interprets the information based on the sensory impression about a
particular thing. Perception can also be defined as a personal point of view or opinion.
a. Factors of Perception
Donnelly, Gibson, and Invancevich 1985 noted that “because each
person gives his or her own meaning to stimuli, different individuals will “see” the same thing
in different ways” p. 60. It is clear that someone’s and others’ perception will be different on a same thing. In addition, Donnely, Gibson, and
Invancevich 1985 stated that there are six factors that influence the perception; they are stereotyping, selectivity, self-concept, situation, need, and emotion.
1 Stereotype
Donnely, Gibson, and Invancevich 1985 defined stereotype as “a set
of beliefs about the characteristics of people in a particular group that is generalized to all members of the group” p. 64. Based on that statement,
stereotype is a condition when people give their judgment about personal PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
9 characteristics between some people in certain group and all members of the
group.
2 Selectivity
The second factor that affects someone’ perception is selectivity. In understanding about something, people should be able to select the
information that will be meaningful for them. Not all people can easily catch all information from what they see or hear. As stated by Donnely, Gibson,
and Invancevich 1985, people may tend to select information that support their viewpoints and ignore information or cues that might make them feel
discomfort.
3 Self-concept
The next factor is self-concept. Donnely, Gibson, and Invancevich 1985 explained that people use themselves as benchmarks in perceiving
others. Knowing oneself makes it easier to see others accurately,
one’s own characteristics affects the characteristics identified in others and
people who accept themselves are more likely to see favorable aspects of other people p. 67.
It is clear that when someone knows him or herself well, it influence the way he or she gives the perception on others.
4 Situation
The fourth factor is related to situation. The situation is very significant
since it can influence someone’s perception. As stated by Donnely, Gibson, and Invancevich 1985, the situation is related to the press
