Speaking Skill Motivation Definition of Terms
9 characteristics between some people in certain group and all members of the
group.
2 Selectivity
The second factor that affects someone’ perception is selectivity. In understanding about something, people should be able to select the
information that will be meaningful for them. Not all people can easily catch all information from what they see or hear. As stated by Donnely, Gibson,
and Invancevich 1985, people may tend to select information that support their viewpoints and ignore information or cues that might make them feel
discomfort.
3 Self-concept
The next factor is self-concept. Donnely, Gibson, and Invancevich 1985 explained that people use themselves as benchmarks in perceiving
others. Knowing oneself makes it easier to see others accurately,
one’s own characteristics affects the characteristics identified in others and
people who accept themselves are more likely to see favorable aspects of other people p. 67.
It is clear that when someone knows him or herself well, it influence the way he or she gives the perception on others.
4 Situation
The fourth factor is related to situation. The situation is very significant
since it can influence someone’s perception. As stated by Donnely, Gibson, and Invancevich 1985, the situation is related to the press
10 time, the attitudes of the people and other situational factors. Those factors
can affect perceptual accuracy.
5 Need
The next factor is need. According to Donnely, Gibson, and Invancevich 1985, perception is significantly influenced by needs and
desires. In other words, needs affect someone in shaping the perception. In learning process, the need of the students is important. The students will learn
what they need to learn. Therefore, it is significant for the lecturers to consider the
student’s needs.
6 Emotion
The last factor that affects the perception is emotion. Emotion has a big role to build someone’ perception. As supported by Donnely, Gibson, and
Invancevich 1985, “a person’s emotional state has a lot to do with
perception” p. 67. In addition, emotion can also develop negative or positive perception.