Factors Affecting The Results of Learning

problem, it can stimulate higher students thinking processes in solving problems. According to Nurhadi 2004:109, PBL is a learning model that uses real world problems as a context for students to learn about how to think critically and problem solving skills as well as to acquire the knowledge and essential concept of the subject matter. This is in accordance with the opinion of Hong 2007:4 who stated that in the PBL, the teacher gives the students problems of the real world to students to be solved together. At the moment discuss and answer the problems, students should engage in real activities such as observing, collecting data and analysing together with other students in a group or in the classroom. For students studying at the school, students will be faced with problems to be solved and resolved. The students task is to find a resolution to the experiences at the school designed by the teacher. After graduating from school, students will still be faced with all kinds of issues that must be addressed, it is expected that the experience in school will help in the search for a settlement. Further Nurhadi 2004:109 stated that the role of the teacher in problem based learning is presenting problems, ask questions, facilitate research and dialogue. Problem-based instruction cannot be executed if the teacher does not develop a classroom environment that allows the occurrence of exchange of ideas openly. The bottom line, students are faced with a situation of an authentic and meaningful issue that can challenge students to solve it. PBL directs students to have the desire to understand, learn good learning needs so that want to use, and seeking out the best learning resources in the framework of solving the problem at hand. In the PBL lesson, it prioritize the process of learning, where teachers tasks is focused their self on helping the students achieve the skills of directing self. Teachers in this model role as issue publisher, inquirer, held dialogues, helps find problems, and learning facilities. In addition, teachers provide support that can promote the growth of students ’ inquiry and intellectual. This model can only happen if the teacher can create a classroom environment that is open and guide the exchange of ideas. Based on some of the opinions above, it can be concluded that Problem Based Learning Model is a model of learning which aims to make the learners actively discuss with the group in order to solve the problem based on materials that have been taught.

b. Purpose of The Learning Model of Problem Based Learning

PBL According to Arends 2001:350, the purpose illustration of PBL can be seen in Figure 1, which States that the first purpose of PBL is for thinking skills and problem solving. On thinking skills there are a variety of ideas used to describe the way people think, explains the thought process and higher-order thinking. The second objective is the adult modelling. The intent of this objective is that the PBL can help performers in real life situations and learn about the importance of the role of adults. The third objective is to make students become autonomous and independent learners. Students are expected to be more active in solving tasks in the process of learning. Teachers are only role in guiding, directing and encouraging the students to find answers to real problems by its own students so that students can learn to resolve problems and tasks independently in everyday life. Figure 1. Learner Achievement for Problem Based Learning PBL learning model demands students to take responsibility for problems encountered, and directed not to rely entirely on the teachers so that the students will be formed Inquiry and Problem Sloving Problem Based Learning Adult Role Behaviors Skills for Independent Learning