F. Techniques of Data Collecting
In collecting the data, the writer used some techniques such as book literature and test instrument. Before conducting the research, the writer
searched some books and other reference which are related to this research. Then, writer conducted a test to inve
stigate students‟ errors in using modal auxiliaries. The material of the test was about must and have to. The writer
enclosed the test in the appendix section.
G. Techniques of Data Analysis
After collecting data from the test, the writer analyzed the stude nts‟ errors
by focusing on their grammatical errors in using modal auxiliaries must and have to
from the students‟ answer sheet. To get the data, the writer collected the errors items from each student‟s
answers and grouping them into several terms, such as expressing degree of ne
cessity of „must‟ and „have to,‟ and possibility. By using these terms, the writer classified the errors items. From the data,
the writer tried to verify the frequency the errors that students‟ made in their answer.
The percentage of the errors will be presented based on the terms of descriptive analysis technique. The writer applied the following formula to
calculate the percentage of students‟ grammatical errors of “must and have to.” The formula is:
P= F X 100 N
P = Percentage F = Frequency of error made
N = Number of sample which is observed
36
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND INTERPRETATIONS
A. Findings
1. Data Description
As the writer explains in the preceding chapter of this „skripsi‟ discussed about error in using modal auxiliaries, which have been done by the second
grade students of MTsN Pandeglang 1. The writer took the answer sheet to get data and the worksheets to analyze. The test covers modal auxiliaries „must‟ and
„have to.‟ After the writer gets the students‟ worksheet, she found many errors on it. Here are the data of the students‟ errors which are focused on modal
auxiliaries „must‟ and „have to.‟
Table 4.1 The Identification of the Errors of Student 1
Number of test
Identification of Error
Description Error
Classification Explanation
Correction
5. In the schedule,
the event will be start tomorrow
morning. Do have to we packing
tonight? Mis-formation
„Do have to‟ should be
replaced by „must we‟
In the schedule, the event will be
start tomorrow morning. Must we
packing tonight?
6. Oh, he must go to
work because there was an
emergency. Mis-formation
„Must‟ should be replaced by
„had to‟ Oh, he had to go to
work because there was an
emergency. 7.
You have to come with us if
you don‟t want to.
Omission „Do not‟
should be added before
„have to‟ You
don‟t have to come with us if
you don‟t want to. 13.
Rina‟s father was sick last week.
Did Rina must go home?
Mis-formation „Must‟ should
be replaced by „have to‟
Rina‟s father was sick last week. Did
Rina have to go home?
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