33
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Time and Place of the Research
The research was done at MTsN 1 Pandeglang on November 1
st
until November 12
th
2011. The writer gave the explanation about modal auxiliaries and then gave a test about it to the second grade of students of VIII A class at MTsN
1 Pandeglang located on Jln. Raya Labuan km. 5,7 Kadulisung Pandeglang.
B. Purpose of the Research
The writer would like to find out the errors on modal auxiliaries „must‟ and „have to‟ are commonly made by the third year students of MTsN
Pandeglang 1.
C. Population and Sample of the Research
The writer took the respondents of the study at second grade students of MTsN 1 Pandeglang for academic year 20112012 which consist of 7 classes
with the total are 210 students. The writer used Cluster Sampling in this research. The sample taken is only one class of second grade students of MTsN
1 Pandeglang that is VIII A class which consists of 30 students. The writer chooses class VIII A because in VIII A with 30 students in number can
represent 14.28 the whole of the students in second grade of MTsN Pandeglang 1, and all of the students in VIII A represent when the writer gave
the test to them.
D. Method of the Research
The writer uses the descriptive analysis method and uses the procedures of error analysis itself. The method is purposed to analyze problem or case happened
at present. It involves accumulating, analyzing, and classifying data with various techniques, also interpreting data. The final step, the writer has to conclude the
result of research. The study is also based on field research. Through field research, the writer explains the tenses through modal auxiliary in the class,
examines the second grade students of MTsN Pandeglang 1 by doing the test to get some data from the students. It is also supported by some of books are related
to the topic.
E. Instrument of the Research
To get the data, the writer gave a test to the second grade students of MTsN 1 Pandeglang at VIII A class. Before made a test, the writer
made „kisi- kisi soal‟ which focus on the function of modal auxiliaries „must‟ and „have to‟
earlier. Here is the table of „kisi-kisi soal‟:
Table 3.1 Kisi-kisi Soal
After made „kisi-kisi soal,‟ the writer made items of test referred to it. Kind of the test is
„fill in the blank space‟ consisting 30 questions. After that, the writer gave the test to the students of VIII B in order to know the validity of the test.
The result of the test showed 90 items of the test are valid and 10 items of the test are invalid see appendices. It can be concluded that the test is valid.
Therefore, the writer gave the test to VIII A as the sample of the research.
NO. MUST
FORM NO. SOAL
1. NECESSITY
POSITIVE 2, 12, 16, 1
NEGATIVE 3, 4, 25, 22
INTERROGATIVE 9, 19, 5
2. POSSIBILITY
POSITIVE 29, 20, 28, 14
NEGATIVE 11, 30, 8
INTERROGATIVE -
NO. HAVE TO
FORM NO. SOAL
1. NECESSITY
POSITIVE 26, 21, 6, 24, 27
NEGATIVE 15, 23, 17, 7
INTERROGATIVE 18, 13, 10
F. Techniques of Data Collecting
In collecting the data, the writer used some techniques such as book literature and test instrument. Before conducting the research, the writer
searched some books and other reference which are related to this research. Then, writer conducted a test to inve
stigate students‟ errors in using modal auxiliaries. The material of the test was about must and have to. The writer
enclosed the test in the appendix section.
G. Techniques of Data Analysis
After collecting data from the test, the writer analyzed the stude nts‟ errors
by focusing on their grammatical errors in using modal auxiliaries must and have to
from the students‟ answer sheet. To get the data, the writer collected the errors items from each student‟s
answers and grouping them into several terms, such as expressing degree of ne
cessity of „must‟ and „have to,‟ and possibility. By using these terms, the writer classified the errors items. From the data,
the writer tried to verify the frequency the errors that students‟ made in their answer.
The percentage of the errors will be presented based on the terms of descriptive analysis technique. The writer applied the following formula to
calculate the percentage of students‟ grammatical errors of “must and have to.” The formula is:
P= F X 100 N
P = Percentage F = Frequency of error made
N = Number of sample which is observed
Kategori