Ought to Kinds of Modal Auxiliary

1. The ordinary forms of need are much more common than the modal auxiliary forms. The only modal form which is often used is neednt. E.g.: You neednt try to explain. Do you need to stay this evening? When the modal forms are used, they usually refer to immediate necessity; they are often used to ask for or give permission -usually permission not to do something. Ordinary verb forms are more common when we talk about habitual, general necessity. Compare: 1 We neednt book a table. The restaurant wont be full. Need I do the washing up? Im in a hurry. 2 Do you need to get a visa if you go to Mexico? 2. Present tense forms of need can be used to talk about the future, but will need to is often used to give advice. Compare: E.g.: 1 Need I come in early tomorrow? Or, Do I need to come in... I need to get the car service soon. 2 Youll need to star work soon if you want to pass your exams 3. Affirmative modal forms are possible after negative verbs, and in sentences which express doubt or negative ideas. E.g.: I wonder if we need take sleeping-bags. I dont think he need go just yet. The only thing you need do is fill in this form. You dont need to do anything else Note that these affirmative modal forms are mainly used in a formal style. In informal usage we would probably use the ordinary forms. E.g.: I wonder if we need to take sleeping-bags. I dont think he needs to go just yet. The only thing you need to do is fill in this form.

p. Dare

1. To express bravely E.g.: I dare go alone. 2. The negative form of dare is used to express fear. E.g.: I daren’t look. 63

q. Have got to

Have got to also expresses the idea of necessity. It is informal and is used primarily in spoken English. Usual pronunciation of got to is “gotta”. E.g.: I have got to go now. I have class in ten minutes.

r. be supposed to

1. To express the idea that someone expects something to happen. E.g.: The game is supposed to begin at 10:00. 2. To express expectations about behavior; often they give the idea that someone expects a particular person to do something. E.g.: I am supposed to go to the meeting. My Boss told me that he wants me to attend.

s. Had better

In meaning, had better is close to shouldought to. But had better is usually stronger. Often had better implies a warning or threat of possible bad consequences. Had better has a present or future meaning. It is followed by the simple form of a verb. It is more common in speaking than writing. E.g.: The gas tank is also empty. We had better stop at the next service station. 64 63 Silvester Goridus Sukur, Complete English Grammar for The TOEFL, … p. 123. 64 Silvester Goridus Sukur, Complete English Grammar for The TOEFL, … p. 123.