1. Definition of Error Analysis
Error Analysis was first introduced by W.R. Lee in 1957, and it gained popularity in the 1970s.
3
Even though, the field of error analysis in SLA Second Language Acquisition was established in the 1970s by Corder and colleagues,
error analysis was an alternative to contrastive analysis.
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According to Crystal, “Error analysis in language teaching and learning is the study of the unacceptable forms produced by someone in learning a language,
especially foreign language. ”
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Nuril Huda makes the same point that “Error analysis is meant to determine errors which are made by learners‟ which are
considered as indicator of the learners‟ problems in learning a second language.”
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Guntur Tari gan said: “Errors Analysis is a procedure which is usually used
by the language researchers and teachers, consisting of the identification sample collection, the explanation of the errors, the classification of the errors based on its
cause, and the evaluation of seriousness phase of the errors. ”
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To be more detail, Sharma explained, “Error Analysis is defined as a process based on analysis of learners‟ error with one clear objective; evolving a
suitable and effective teaching learning strategy and remedial measure necessary in certain clearly marked out areas of the foreign language.”
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According to Corder, Error analysis is carried out in three successive stages they are:
1. Recognition of Errors It is
crucially dependent upon correct interpretation of the learners‟ intentions.
3
Nuril Huda, Language Learning and Teaching: Issues and Trends, Malang : IKIP Malang Publisher, 1999, p. 5.
4
http:en.wikipedia.orgwikisecond language acquisition. 12 September 2011
5
David Crystal, An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Language and Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, 1992, p. 125.
6
Nuril huda, Language Learning and Teaching: Issues and Trends, … p. 6.
7
Henry Guntur Tarigan dan Djago Taringan, Pengajaran Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa, Bandung: Angkasa, 1988, p. 68.
8
SK. Sharma, Error Analysis: Why and how?, English Teaching Forum, XXX, April 1982, p. 21.
2 Description of Errors In this step, one tries to show the learner show they have failed to realize
the intended message. 3 Explanation of Errors
Explanation is still largely speculative, because of our limited knowledge of the psychological and neurological process involved in language
learning.
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So the writer tries to conclude that the error analysis is a way of looking at error made by the learner of the target language, as a source of information to the
teacher, which in turns helps teachers to correct the student‟s errors, and improves the effectiveness of their teaching.
2. Distinction between Error and Mistake
Error and Mistake are not the same. But most the people still misunderstand about the definition of both. To be more clarified between error and mistake,
Hubbard et al said “error caused by lack of knowledge about the target language English or by incorrect hypothesis about it, and mistakes caused by temporary
lapses or memory, confusion, slips, of the tongue and so on. ”
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In his book on mistakes and correction, Julian Edge suggests that we can divide mistake into two broad categories: “slips that is mistakes which students
can correct themselves and which therefore need explanation, and attempts that is when a student tries to say something but does not yet know the correct way to
saying it. ”
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From explanation above, it can be concluded that error is systematic and the students cannot self-co
rrected, because it reflects the students‟ competence in the target language. in contrast, a mistake is an error that students can self-correct,
because it is only the result of the students‟ performance.
9
http:teaching stylesonline.comstages of error analysis. Html.20 may 2011
10
Johanna Klassen, Using Student Error for Teaching, English Teaching Forum, January 1991 Vol. 29, N. 1, p. 10.
11
Jeremy Harmer, The Practice of English language Teaching 3
rd
edition, London: Longman, 2001, p. 99.
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