The Previous Related Study

24

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A. Place and Time of the Research

This study was conducted in Sekolah Menengah Pertama SMP Ibu Pertiwi. It is located at Jl. Let. Jend. S. Parman Kav. 69, Slipi, Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta. The research was carried out on 2 June 2014 to 11 June 2015.

B. Research Design

This writer used quantitative research method in conducting this research. “Quantitative research is a type of educational research in which the researcher decides what to study; asks specific, narrow questions; collects quantifiable data from participants; analyzes these numbers using statistics; and conducts the inquiry in an unbiased, object manner.” 1 It means the writer collected and analyzed the data statistically from the questionnaire distributed and students report book of second semester to find out the correlation between parents’ involvement and student’s English learning achievement. Further, this research is categorized into correlative method. Gay stated that “correlational research involves collecting data in order to determine whether, and to what degree, a relationship exists between two or more quantifiable variables”. 2 The correlative method used by the researcher is to describe and measure the degree of relationship between two or more variables or sets of score. In this research, the two variables are independent variable and dependent variable. The independent variable X in this study is parents’ involvement while student’s English achievement will be dependent variable Y. 1 John W. Creswell, Educational Research, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008, p.46 2 L. R. Gay, Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application, 3 rd Ed., Ohio: Merril Publishing Company, 1987, p. 230. 25

C. Research Population and Sample

1. Population Arikunto states that “Population is all subjects of the research”. 3 In this research the population of the study is the whole students of eighth grade in SMP Ibu Pertiwi, in the academic year of 20142015. There are six classes in this school; each class has 35 students. 2. Sample Sample is a representation of population which is observed. It means the subject of population. Sample can be taken between 10 -15 - 25 if the number of population is more than 100. 4 Besides, Gay stated that “The sample for a correlational study is selected using an acceptable sampling method, and 30 subjects are generally considered to be a minimally acceptable sample size”. 5 Based on Gay’s line, in this research, the sample of the population is taken through purposive sampling. The 35 students in 8-C class were chosen for the sample of this research.

D. Research Instrument

The data in this study was obtained by compiling and making to answer the research question. Two techniques of data collection were used as follow: 1. Questionnaire The research instrument that is used in collecting the data is a questionnaire which is formulated and designed based on indicators of the variables of parents’ involvement in students achievement. The questionnaire about parents’ involvement of students is given to students consisting 35 items. In this case, it concerns about parents’ involvement in student achievement. The table is the blueprint of the questionnaire: 3 Suharsimi Arikunto, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, Jakarta: RinekaCipta,2006, p. 173. 4 Ibid., p.174. 5 Gay, op. cit., p. 231. 26 Table 3.1 Indicators of Parents Involvement No Indicator Item Number 1 Home Discussing school activities 1, 2, 21, 33 2 Aspiration and expectation 3, 6, 22, 23 3 Parenting Style 4, 5, 24, 32 4 Reading at home 7, 8, 9, 26 5 Checking homework 10, 11, 25, 30 6 Home rules and supervision 12, 19, 20, 34 7 School Contacting school personnel 13, 14, 18, 27 8 Attending PTO, etc. 15, 29, 31, 35 9 Volunteering at school 16, 17, 28 Total 35 The questionnaire in this study uses a Likert Type questionnaire which provided the students with four responses option Always selalu, Often sering, Sometimes kadang-kadang, Never tidak pernah. The degree of scale is described as follow: Table 3.2 The Questionnaire Scoring Scale Affirmative Statement Score Negative Statement Score Always 4 1 Often 3 2 Sometimes 2 3 Never 1 4 The questionnaire is translated into Bahasa Indonesia. This is aimed to avoid the possibility of different perception in understanding the statement. Therefore, using Bahasa Indonesia in the statement will be useful for students to understand and answer the question.