Student’s English Learning Achievement in Indonesia

12 variable in affecting achievement which is considered as psychology aspect is attitude, aptitude and interest. 2 External factor in which includes social and non-social environment. Environment is one of the important components of instructional process because it can influence the students. Social environment consist of parents family, teachers, and society community. Family is primary community for the children because it is primary educational environment. Children got their first education and counseling as they spend the entire of their time growing in the family. Additionally, parents and siblings can focus attention on one child and so opportunity for interested, motivated natural help is available covering considerable amounts of time. In conclusion, bad environment may cause stress for students and may influence students to have worst achievement. 3 Approach to learning including high, middle, and low approach learning. Beside internal and external factors, approach to learning also influence the learning process and students’ achievement. For example, students who apply deep learning approach may have better achievement than students who only apply surface or reproductive learning approach while they are studying. Clearly, MuhibbinSyah shows a table of factors that influence students ’ achievement. Table 2.1 Factors that influence students’ achievement 21 Ragam Faktor dan Elemennya Internal Siswa Eksternal Siswa Pendekatan Belajar Siswa 1. Aspek Fisiologis: a. Tonus jasmani b. Pancaindera 2. Aspek Psikologis 1. Lingkungan Sosial: a. Keluarga b. Guru dan staf c. Masyarakat 1. Pendekatan Tinggi a. Speculative b. Achieving 2. Pendekatan Sedang 21 Muhibbinsyah, op. cit., p. 137. 13 a. Inteligensi b. Motivasi c. Minat d. Sikap e. Bakat d. Teman 2. Lingkungan Non-sosial a. Rumah b. Sekolah c. Peralatan d. Alam a. Analytical b. Deep 3. Pendekatan Rendah a. Reproductive b. Surface However, in this research, the researcher focused on parents as one of factors that is affecting students’ achievement.

2. Par ents Role in Students’ Academic Lives

The child is born into family – his first socializing group and the most basic agency of socialization in all societies. The family is not only the first group to which he is exposed, but also is in many ways the most influential. 22 It is in line with Robertson who states that one reason for importance of the family is that it has the main responsibility for socializing children in the crucial early years of life. The family is where children establish their first close emotional ties, learn or acquire language, and begin to internalize cultural norms and values. 23 As the unit of society, the home sets the pattern for social development and adjustment to form the attitudes and behavior habits. A child’s physical, mental, and emotional potentialities reflect the physical, mental, and emotional characteristic of his parent. They are formed by the interaction between the child and the parent. 24

a. Parents’ Involvement Based at Home and School

The term parents’ involvement is used broadly in this writing. It includes several different forms of participation in education. Parents get involved in their children’s education because one of their functions is giving education for their children. 22 Cole S. Brembeck, Social Foundations of Education: A Cross-cultural Approach, New York: John Willey and Sons, Inc., 1967, p. 121 23 Ian Robertson, Sociology, New York: Worth Publisher, Inc., 1978, p. 108. 24 Abu Hamadi, Sosiologi Pendidikan, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2007, p. 91.