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1 To develop oral and written communicative competence to attain literacy functional level;
2 To have awareness of the nature and the importance of English to improve the nation’s competitiveness in the global community;
3 To develop students’ understanding of the interrelationship between nations
and cultures. Student „achievement reflects the attainment of KD. It can be measured by
achievement test. Achievement test is “any test of acquired ability or skill, a typical example being a test of scholastic attainment.” It measure what a pupil has
learned. Achievement testing plays major important role in the school program because it will show what the students have achieved at the past. The primary goal
of achievement test is to find out the student’ past learning. Hence, it reflects past
progress of the student. The result of the achievement test should pass the Criteria of Minimum
Learning Mastery-Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum KKM. It is used by the education unit as the standard of Graduated Competence-Standard Kompetensi
Lulusan SKL. Based on KTSP, every education unit or school has to determine their own KKM. In SMP Ibu Pertiwi, for instance, the score of KKM is 65 sixty
five. If the score of the students are under 65, they can take remedial test. Moreover, the
students’ achievement can be seen from the result of the achievement test administrated by the teacher during the learning process. The
result is usually written in the student’s report card. The score in the student’s report card is the calculation of daily, middle and final test. Therefore, to know
English achievement of the students at eighth grade SMP Ibu Pertiwi, the writer used the score of English subject that is in student’s report card.
d. Factors Affecting S
tudent’s Achievement
There are a lot of factors that influence the achievement of student. Some factors that influence the student’s achievement are:
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1 Internal factors in which includes physiology aspect and psychology aspect. a Physiology aspect
Students’ physical condition is considered as one of factors that influence achievement. MuhibbinSyah states that
“Kondisi jasmani siswa meliputi kebugaran fisiknya akan sangat memengaruhi kualitas ranah cipta
kognitif sedangkan kondisi organ khusus seperti panca indera yang kurang baik dapat menimbulkan masalah dalam proses penyerapan informasi
.”
17
Therefore, the one who learn need to be in healthy condition or if they are not, teacher or parents should have more consideration and attention to the students
or children. b Psychology aspect
In psychology aspect, intelligence degree is dominantly affecting students
’ achievement. “Intelligence is regarded as a potential capacity. This potential capacity is probably a function of heredity, congenital development
and growth. The growth of intelligence toward the potential capacity may be impeded by environmental stresses and strains or maybe accelerated by proper
stimulation.”
18
It is important to keep in mind that intelligence is complex and that individual have many kinds of abilities and strengths, not all of which are
measured by traditional IQ tests. Many students whose academic performance has been weak have experienced considerable success in second or foreign
language learning.
19
Another important variable in learning is motivation. “Motivation
involves the learners’ reasons for attempting to acquire the second language but precisely what creates motivation is the crux of the matter.
”
20
And the last
17
Muhibbin Syah, Psikologi Pendidikan dengan Pendekatan Baru, Edisi Revisi, Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2010, p. 130.
18
James, M. Sawrey, and Charles W. Tellford, Educational Psychology, 4
th
Ed., Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1973, p. 424.
19
Christopher N. Candlin and Neil Mercer, English Language Teaching in Its Social Context, London: Routledege, 2001, p. 31.
20
Jane Arnold, Affect in Language Learning ed., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 13.
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variable in affecting achievement which is considered as psychology aspect is attitude, aptitude and interest.
2 External factor in which includes social and non-social environment. Environment is one of the important components of instructional process
because it can influence the students. Social environment consist of parents family, teachers, and society community.
Family is primary community for the children because it is primary educational environment. Children got their first education and counseling as they
spend the entire of their time growing in the family. Additionally, parents and siblings can focus attention on one child and so opportunity for interested,
motivated natural help is available covering considerable amounts of time. In conclusion, bad environment may cause stress for students and may influence
students to have worst achievement. 3 Approach to learning including high, middle, and low approach learning.
Beside internal and external factors, approach to learning also influence the learning process and students’ achievement. For example, students who apply
deep learning approach may have better achievement than students who only apply surface or reproductive learning approach while they are studying.
Clearly, MuhibbinSyah shows a table of factors that influence students ’
achievement.
Table 2.1 Factors that influence students’ achievement
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Ragam Faktor dan Elemennya Internal Siswa
Eksternal Siswa Pendekatan Belajar Siswa
1. Aspek Fisiologis:
a. Tonus jasmani
b. Pancaindera
2. Aspek Psikologis
1. Lingkungan Sosial:
a. Keluarga
b. Guru dan staf
c. Masyarakat
1. Pendekatan Tinggi
a. Speculative b. Achieving
2. Pendekatan Sedang
21
Muhibbinsyah, op. cit., p. 137.
