4
background drawn, the researcher initiates to do the research about the relationship
between parents’ involvement and the students’ English learning achievement in SMP Ibu Pertiwi.
B. Identification of the Problems
Based on identification of the background drawn, the problems are identified as follow:
1. Students still have a low score and cou ld not reach the school’s minimum
standard criteria of English subject 65 at SMP Ibu Pertiwi; 2. Students who got a low score possibly get influenced by the factors which
come beyond the students like parents; 3. Parents still have misinterpretation about responsibility of educating;
4. Parents still have limit understanding of getting invol ve in children’s academic
lives; 5.
Parents still do not realize that they have a big role in influencing student’s learning achievement in school.
C. Limitation of the Problem
As identifying the problems, one problem that is interested to be investigated is that
the relationship between parents’ involvement and students’ learning achievement in English lesson at Eighth Grade students of SMP Ibu
Pertiwi, Jakarta Barat.
D. Formulation of the Study
After conducting the limitation of the problems, the research problem is formulated into
“Is there any significant relationship between parents’ involvement and
the students’ English learning achievement at 8
th
grade students of SMP Ibu Pertiwi Jakarta Barat
?”
5
E. Objective of the Study
The objectives of this research is to find out empirical evidence of whether or not there is any significant correlation between
parents’ involvement and student
’s English learning achievement at 8
th
grade students of SMP Ibu Pertiwi Jakarta Barat.
F. Significance of the Study
The result of this research is expected to be an input for teachers, parents and students. By knowing and understanding the possibility of parents
’ involvement which
can influence students’ learning achievement, teachers are able to inform parents about students condition in the school and parents could
give a proper feedback by giving more cares and supports toward their children ’s
academic lives. The writer also hopes this research will be useful for them who are interested in parents’ involvement as they can do deeper and better than this
study.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Literature Review
This literature review presents the two topics. The first topic discussed about
student’s English learning achievement comprising the definition of learning,
students’ learning achievement, student’s English learning achievement in Indonesia and factors affecting
student’s learning achievement. The second topic is considered about Parents’ role in students’ academic lives including
parents involvement in education both home and school, and pa rents’ involvement
in student’s English learning process.
1. Student’s English Learning Achievement
a. Definition of Learning
Generally, learning is process which happens in a period of time and through many steps of activities. And as an impact, it will make someone change
on certain aspect in his own self. The lines are similar with Whittaker statement who defines learning as a
process by which behavior originates or is altered through training or experience.
1
Further, Spears said that learning is to observe, to read, to imitate, to try something themselves, to listen, and to follow direction.
2
Further, Winkel defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience while the pupil grows.
3
The similar line is stated by Bowe
r and Hilgard that “learning refers to the change in a subject’s behavior or behavior potential to a given situation brought about by the subjects
repeated experience.. .”
4
1
M. Alisuf Sabri, Psikologi Pendidikan, Jakarta: Pedoman Ilmu Jaya, 1996, p. 55.
2
Ibid., p. 54.
3
W. S. Winkel, Psikologi Pengajaran, Yogyakarta: Media Abadi, 2009, p. 18.
4
Gordon H. Bower and Ernest R Hilgard, Theories of Learning, 5
th
Ed., New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1981, p. 11.
7
Both definitions define that an alteration of learning is relatively stable. Through experience, students will learn that they need to study in order to do well
on a test. A student who has ability will have successful experience and better change in behavior. In contrast, a student who has less ability may have
unsuccessful experience and bad change of behavior. In summing up,
learning is process where the students’ alteration in behavior is depended on the ability of students’ experience and practices.
b. Definition of
Student’s Learning Achievement
Generally, achievement refers to something that somebody got after accomplished it up to particular point of time. Besides, achievement in learning
refers to the knowledge that students have learned up and usually is drawn by numeral or letter as a realization of achievement.
Similarly, Hornby states that achievement is a thing done successfully, especially with an effort and skill.
5
Further, Gronlund defined achievement as “it
is what a pupil has learned”
6
and it is added with Nunnally statement that “achievement is how much students’ have learned up to particular point of time”.
7
Additionally, Sukmadinata gives a specific meaning about students’
achievement. He said that achievement of students can be seen from mastering the subject that they have taken up. He also said that the achievement of students in
their school is signed by numeral 0-10 or letter A, B, C, D.
8
On the other words, achievement can be drawn both by a numeral or letter as a realization of
students’ achievement. Moreover, achievement means all things the people obtain from hisher
effort. But in education, achievement means the result of test design to determine
5
A. S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford Universisty Press, 1995, p. 10.
6
Norman E. Gronlund, Mesurement and Evaluation in Teaching, New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1976, p. 331.
7
Jum C. Nunnally, Educational Measurement and Evaluation, New York: Mc-Graw Hill Book Company, 1964, p. 345.
8
Nana Syaodih, Sukmadinata, Landasan Psikologi Proses Pendidikan, Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2007, p. 103.
