Theory of Conflict Review of Related Theory 1. Theory of Character and Characterization

on Freud’s theory, states that the development of personality is so revolutionary and it contains of many dynamic components and each of those components are influenced by the need to satisfy the basic instinct which is the biological need. Based on the Freud’s theory that he writes on his book, he states that there are three different components but still connected to one another that can arrange the behavior they are id, ego and superego 2009:24. Id is the most primitive desire in mind. It works based on pleasure principle and its energy is spent to seek pleasure without regard for what is proper or just. Ego is the only one which has an access or a contact with reality and it works based on reality principle. Ego is the only one that can control the Id and Superego. If the Id and Superego cannot be controlled well by Ego, the anxiety will appear. At the time when the anxiety appears Ego tends to repress with the defense mechanism to defend against the anxiety. Superego is the opposite of Id, because it wants the desire that against Id’s want. Superego represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality. It is guided by the moralistic and idealistic principle, so it strives blindly toward perfection. When the Ego’s act is against what the superego wants, the guilt will appear 2008:27-30 It can be concluded that Ego which is the one that can balance the blindly desire of Id to seek pleasure amorally and superego in being morally and ideal blindly. The three stages of mind explained above is the important part in analyzing the development of the main character in the novel And The Mountains Echoed, because the development or change of those three stages of mind which is had by the main character determines the development of the main character’s personality. Based on Freud’s theory, phallic phase, when the genital area becomes the leading erogenous zone, also takes an important part in the personality development psychologically. Freud also says that Oedipus complex plays an even more crucial role in the personality development. In this study, the writer uses Female Oedipus Complex in analyzing the main character, Pari. b Female Oedipus Complex Female Oedipus Complex is different from Male Oedipus Complex. At the pra- Oedipal stage, the girl thinks that all children have the same genital equipment whereas the boys have different, and it is even more special. Female feels so envious of this appendage and desire to have penis penis envy. The girls’ envy starts to develop and they thinks that the mother has the responsibility why they are not be born with penis. The feeling of envy of the girls triggers their Libido that is shifted to the figure of father, who can satisfy their desire to have penis. The desire to have sexual intercourse with the father and the feeling of envy to the mother is well known as Female Oedipus Complex Feist and Feist, 2008:41. The writer needs to apply the simple Female Oedipus Complex because the writer sees the main character shows affection to her stepmother lover. The relationship that does not reflect the relationship between father and his daughter