Definition of Terms INTRODECTION

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A. Review of Related Studies

In this undergraduate thesis the writer uses two undergraduate theses and a journal as related studies. Those undergraduate theses are Kurniasih’s The influence of Amir’s guiltu feeling upon his self-concept in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner and Guritno’s The Influence of Amir Khan’s personalitu development in facing his conflict as seen in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner. The last is the journal written by Wellney Yarra entitled Khaled Hosseini’s And The Mountains Echoed in a Feminist Perspective. Kurniasih analyzes Amir, the main character in the novel The Kite Runner, has self-concept that is influenced by his social interaction and also conflict that is experienced by him which cause his feeling of guilty. Amir’s guilty feeling which affects his self-concept gives significance impact to him. Because of that he also suffers from physical disorder. Kurniasih also says that the main character uses some defense mechanism to protect and retain his positive transitory self-concept. He suffers from physical disorder from getting headache, getting a difficulty to breathe to becoming an insomniac. Moreover, to protect and retain his positive transitory self-concept, he uses some defense mechanism to make him feel better. He does the rationalization by convincing himself that Hasan is just a Hazara who is that important to be stood up for. Amir uses fantasy by removing Amir himself from unpleasant reality into a more pleasant world of fantasy by reading stories, writing stories, and drawing 2008:54. Another writer, Gunarto, sees Amir in a different way. She analyzes what Amir can do to solve the conflict that he faces after his personality changes. In her undergraduate thesis, Gunarto says that Amir is experiencing personality development after moving to America and it gives significant effect to the way Amir deals with the conflict that he has. Before experiencing personality development, Amir tends to run away or hide when dealing with conflicts. He cannot reveal his thoughts and feelings well. After his personality develops his way in facing the conflicts change. He becomes braver and responsible. Besides that, he becomes more open and able to communicate well. Moreover, he dares to end the problems and the risks 2012:46. The writer clearly sees the similarities and the differences between those two theses. Both of them analyze the personality development of the main character, named Amir in The Kite Runner’s Khaled Hosseini, using psychology theory. Kurniasih analyzes the external conflicts or problems in society that are experienced by the main character that can cause the main character’s self-concept and Gunarto analyzes personality development that is experienced by the main character that can give impact to his ability in facing or solving his external conflict. Meanwhile, in this undergraduate thesis the writer analyzes different thing. The writer focuses in analyzing the female main character in the novel And The Mountains Echoed by Khaled Hosseini. The main character’s name is Pari. The writer analyzes the conflicts that are experienced by the main character in her early age until her teen age and the impact of the conflicts toward the main character’s personality. The writer agrees with Gunarto and Kurniasih that psychological approach can reveal the personality development of charcter in the story. A quote below emphasizes the use of psychological approach in analyzing the literary text that is used by the writer now. And, of course, if psychoanalysis can help us better understand human behavior, then it must certainly be able to help us understand literary texts, which are about human behavior 2006:11. Apart from Gunarto’s and Kurniasih’s ways in analyzing the conflict and the main character, the writer takes another way in analyzing the conflict which can cause the development or the change of the personality. The writer limits the scope in analyzing the conflict only to conflics that happen in the scope of family. Another sources written by Wellney Yarra about feminist perspective in Khaled Hosseini’s And The Mountains Echoed says that in this novel Hosseini expresses the unvoiced oppresion towards female. This novel is also said as a great feminist fiction that counteracts the marginalization of women by bringing forward characters that go against it and fight for feminism Yarra, 2013:10. The analysis which is done by Yarra on her paper which uses the same sources as the writer does is really helpful and it also puts this undergraduate as an undergraduate thesis that discovers something new, compared to those three papers explained before, in analyzing Khaled Hosseini’s And The Mountains Echoed. Something new that the writer shows is the use of psychological approach in analyzing the personality development of female main character in And The Mountain