her mother, Mrs. Wahdati, but she never gives Pari satisfying answers. Pari feels a serious missing of a man figure.
The lack of affection from the figure of man or the figure of father leads Pari to do and make decision that trigger the conflict within herself and conflict between her
and her mother. The need of affection is shown when Pari attracts her step mother’s lover, Julien. The relationship between Julien and Pari creates a conflict between Pari
and her step mother. It also becomes the conflicts that lead her step mother to commit suicide.
Pari’s journey continuous to the California after receiving the facebook message that tells about her family in Afghanistan, especially in Shadbagh. The old Pari goes
to California wants to meet a girl named Pari, the daughter of Abdullah, Pari’s brother. Abdullah gives her daughter the same name like his little sister.
In California ,
Pari finds her brother Abdullah easily. She is helped by another Pari, Abdullah’s daughter. Pari who never meets her brother for years feels nervous,
she hopes he still remember about her. After she comes at the Abdullah’s house everything is so different, the happiest moment that she imagines is just a fantasy.
Abdullah and Pari meet each other talk to each other, but Abdullah does not remember Pari.
Many chapters in this novel tell about other characters that have relation with the Pari’s and Abdullah’s journey in finding each other. The plot circled to another
characters before it comes back to Pari’s life to seek her real family tree, especially her lovely brother, Abdullah. The writer does not focus on the Pari’s journey to
finding Abdullah after her mother commit suicide. The writer only focuses on the development of Pari’s three mental stages which consists of Id, Ego and Superego.
To be more specific, the development of Pari’s Id is the main focus. The analysis covers Pari’s life before she moves to Paris and after she lives in Paris and has
relationship with Julien.
B. Approach to the Study
Applying the appropriate approach is one of the most important steps in analyzing a literary work, especially in order to analyze the topic discussed in this
writing. Since the literary work which is discussed is about human life, human behavior, and also their conflict in everyday life, the writer decides to use and apply
psychological approach in analyzing the work, And The Mountains Echoed. The writer decides to apply psychological approach after finding the main character’s
personality development in the novel. That is why the focus is on the personality development experienced by the character.
According to Lois Tyson, if psychoanalysis can help us better in understanding human behavior, so it must certainly be able to help us in understanding the literary
work which is about human behavior 2006:11. She also says that an art work, it can be a literary work and any other forms of art work, which exactly describes human
behavior is possible to have psychoanalytic principles whether the author has any awareness about those principles when writing the work or not. In some extent it can
be called also as the product of author’s unconscious 2006:37. Psychological
approach is used because the attention is focused on the psychological interpretation and it is also used to reinforce the understanding and the appreciation of an art work
by analyzing one of the characters in the novel through psychological approach. In a more specific conclusion, psychological approach is used to determine what
motivates and triggers Pari’s personality development like it is described in the novel. Is it motivated or triggered by her unconscious mind? Which does involve more id,
ego, or super ego? Why does she do that? Those are question that are answered by applying psychological approach in interpreting this literary work.
C. Method of The Study
The writer applied library research as the method of this study since all of the data are gathered from some books. The primary source of this study is the novel
entitled And the Mountains Echoed, and the secondary sources for this study are theory of character and characterization, theory of personality, theory of family and
theory of conflict that is collected from some printed books. There were four steps in analyzing three problem formulations that have been
stated before. The first was reading the novel as the object of the study several times and carefully in order to understand and to gain
more detail information about it. The second was characterizing the main character, Pari, what kind of person she is
described in the novel. The third was analyzing the conflict that she experiences
during her childhood and her teens, including inner conflict experienced by the main
character that is caused by her family member. The fourth was analyzing and identifying the impact of the conflicts to her personality development and mental life.
