because the development or change of those three stages of mind which is had by the main character determines the development of the main character’s personality.
Based on Freud’s theory, phallic phase, when the genital area becomes the leading erogenous zone, also takes an important part in the personality development
psychologically. Freud also says that Oedipus complex plays an even more crucial role in the personality development. In this study, the writer uses Female Oedipus
Complex in analyzing the main character, Pari.
b Female Oedipus Complex
Female Oedipus Complex is different from Male Oedipus Complex. At the pra- Oedipal stage, the girl thinks that all children have the same genital equipment
whereas the boys have different, and it is even more special. Female feels so envious of this appendage and desire to have penis penis envy. The girls’ envy
starts to develop and they thinks that the mother has the responsibility why they are not be born with penis. The feeling of envy of the girls triggers their Libido that is
shifted to the figure of father, who can satisfy their desire to have penis. The desire to have sexual intercourse with the father and the feeling of envy to the mother is
well known as Female Oedipus Complex Feist and Feist, 2008:41. The writer needs to apply the simple Female Oedipus Complex because the
writer sees the main character shows affection to her stepmother lover. The relationship that does not reflect the relationship between father and his daughter
makes the writer wants to analyze it. The Female Oedipus Complex is considered as the most appropriate one.
4. Theory of Family
Considering the scope of this study is about family’s conflict, the writer provides a brief explanation about family from Cheal’s book, Sociologu of Familu yife. The
writer provides the theory of family in order to limit the conflict that is analyzed. The writer focuses only on the conflict that happens on the scope that is explained in
the statement below. In his book, Cheal says that family is considered to be any group which consists
of people in intimate relationships which are believed to endure over time and across generations 2002:4. It helps the writer in applying the analysis of Pari’s
family and her relation with other people and also limits the scope of the analysis. Cheal 2002:2 also says that the process we grow from childhood into adulthood
has been influenced by the area where our family lives. In analyzing the way the main character grows from childhood into adulthood especially on the area where
the main character’s family lives. This quote is appropriate when it is applied in analyzing the character such as Pari, knowing that Pari has experienced different
family life during her life. Although Pari has relation with many people, but the writer only analyzes conflict that happens in the scope of family like what Cheal
says on his statement above.
C. Theoretical Framework
There are four theories that are used in order to answer the research questions in problem formulation, those are theory of character and characterization, theory of
conflict, theory of personality and the last is theory of family. The first theory is theory character and characterization that is used to
reveals the whole characteristics of the character that is
provided by the author in the story. The characteristic shows how the three mental stages of the main character work,
especially her Id. The second is theory about conflict that is used to define the family conflicts that are experienced by the main character in a story. It includes the conflict
from her childhood until her teens and inner conflict within the main character that is caused by her family member. The third is theory about family which limits the scope
of the analysis. The scope focuses only on the main character family and important
conflicts which happens in the main character’s family. The last theory is about personality which is used as the last theory to conclude what kind of person the main
character is. It is applied to analyze the personality, mental life of main character in the beginning of the story and after the conflict she experienced.
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CHAPTER III METHODOEOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object of this study is a fiction novel, And the Mountains Echoed, written by Afghan-American novelist named Khaled Hosseini whose 38 million copies of his
book sold in more than seventy countries. His previous phenomenal novels are The Kite Runner and A Thousands Splendid Suns. Those novels became best seller and
were adapted in to a film. Khaled Hosseini’s And the Mountains Echoed was published in 2013 by
Bloomsbury. It consists of 466 pages and 9 chapters. This novel has received many compliments from many readers, such as New York Times, Daily Telegraph, The
Times and The Oprah Magazine because of its interesting plot. And the Mountains Echoed tells story about Abdullah and his sister, named Pari,
who live in Shadbagh, Afghanistan. The setting takes place in Afghanistan, Paris and California. The year of this story starts in 1952 till 2010. The story begins in the little
village in Shadbagh, Afghanistan. Abdullah and Pari live with their father and their step mother. Their life in Shadbagh is not good, they have financial problem because
of their father is incapable to get enough money. That is the reason why he finally decides to sell his little daughter, Pari, to the rich married couple, Mr.Wahdati and his
beautiful wife, Mrs. Nila Wahdati.
