Table 1. The Form of Data Sheet No.
Quotation Speaker
Page
1. The car traversed the anti-Lebanon range along the
Syrian border and in thirty minutes they were on the outskirts of Damascus. The city stretched for
miles along the Syrian plain, a jewel of the East that had lost its sparkle. Ferris gave the driver the
address of Al Jazeera’s bureau in Abu Rummaneh, near the French Embassy. The office was in a
bland, unadorned concrete building. Like most of Damascus it seemed to have fallen out of a time
capsule from the 1960s. The narrator
399
E. Research Instruments
According to Creswell 2009: 175 one of the qualitative research characteristics is that the researcher acts as the key instrument by collecting data
by him or herself. He or she may use a protocol or an instrument for collecting data but actually the researcher is the one who gathers the information. The key
instrument of this research was the researcher herself with the concepts of Orientalism based on the theory of postcolonialism found by Said as illustrated in
the analytical construct presented in the chart at the end of chapter II. In addition, the researcher also used the data sheet to arrange the data systematically.
F. Data Analysis
Given 2008: 186 states that data analysis is an important part of qualitative research that includes gathering and linking the data to be a concept.
Creswell 2009: 185 mentions that there are six steps in data analysis: organizing and preparing the data, reading through all the data, coding the data, giving a
description, interrelating description, and interpreting the meaning of description. The six steps to analyze the data are explained below.
1. The first is identifying the data from the novel by making some notes. 2. The second is reading and rereading the whole data and arranging the
dataaccording to the related topic discussion: western construction of Islam and the Muslim world as a way of colonization as well as it effects
3. The third is coding and categorizing the data in the data table into some categories such as 1 Orient, 2 Occident, and 3 The effects of the
western construction of Islam and the Muslim world. 4. The fourth is sorting the data by selecting the relevant data and excluding
the irrelevant data. The selected relevant data were classified and interpreted according to its thematic meaning.
5. The fifth is making the interrelation between the description of the data and the theory to get the findings based on the objectives, that are the
western construction of Islam and the Muslim world as a way of colonization and the effects of the construction in the novel.
6. The last is making an interpretation of the findings based on the understanding about the theory.
G. Data Trustworthiness
Trustworthiness is a way in which the researcher shows that
generalizability, internal validity, reliability, and objectivity are considered in his or her research Given, 2008: 895. Validity is one of the strengths of qualitative
research because the researcher can show whether the findings are accurate from
