4.4.1.1 Words Composed of the Components With the Same or Similar Meanings:
noun + noun noun
e.g. : 1. shēng 声 ‘sound’ + yīn 音 ‘sound’ shēng yīn 声音 ‘sound’
2. y ǔ 语 ‘language’ + yuán 言 ‘language’ yǔyuán 语言 ‘language’
adjective + adjective adjective
e.g.: 1. měi 美 ‘beautiful’ + juān 娟’beautiful’ měilì 丽 美 ‘beautiful’
2. míng 明 ‘clear’ + 亮 liàng ‘clear’ míngliàng 明亮 ‘bright
or clear’ e.g.: 他的衣服很美丽。
Tā de yīfu hěn měilì. Her dress very beautiful.
Her dress is very beautiful.
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verb + verb verb
e.g.: bāng 帮 ‘to help’ + zhù 助 ‘to help’ 帮助 bāngzhù ‘to help’.
4.4.1.2 Words Composed of the Components of the Opposite Meanings:
noun + noun noun
e.g. : Dōng 东 ‘East’ + Xі 四 ‘West’ 东西 DōngXі ‘goods’.
adjective + adjective noun
e.g.: dà 大 ‘big’ + 小 xi ǎo ‘small’ 大小 dàxiǎo ‘size’
adjective + adjective adjective
e.g.: dūo 多 ‘a lot’ + shǎo 少 ‘a fewa little’ 多少 dūoshǎo
‘manymuch’
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verb + verb verb
e.g.: 1. méi 没 ‘doesdo not have’ + y ǒu 有 ‘ to have’ 没有 méiyǒu
‘does not have or do not have’ 2. m
ǎi 买 ‘to sell’ + 卖 mài ‘to buy’ 买卖 mǎimài ‘to run a business’
e.g.: 他没有家。 Tā méiyǒu jiā.
He does not have house. He does not have a house.
4.4.1.3 Words Composed of the Components With the Related Meanings:
noun + noun noun
e.g.: dāo 刀 ‘knife’ + chā 叉’fork’ 刀叉 dāochā ‘knife and fork’
adjective + adjective adjective
e.g.: ān 安 ‘safe’ + jìng 静 ‘silent’ 安静 ānjìng ‘quiet’
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verb + verb verb
xué 学 ‘to study’ + xí 习 ‘to practice’ 学习 xuéxí ‘to study’
e.g.: 我学习汉语。 W
ǒ xuéxí hànyǔ. I study Mandarin.
4.4.2 偏正 piānzhèng ‘Modifier-Modified Compound Words’
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