Research Design RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

In doing this research, qualitative method was used. Qualitative findings grow out of three kinds of data collection Patton 2002: 4, as follows : 1. in- dept, open-ended interviews; 2. direct observation; 3. and written documents As the instrument of collecting the data is basically made by means of interviews and observation, the writer required informants and observers who were able to provide the required information for him. Interviews yield direct quotations from people about their experiences, opinions, feelings, and knowledge. The data from observations consist of detailed descriptions of people’s activities, behaviors, actions, and full range or interpersonal interactions and organizational processes that are part of observable human exprience. Document analysis includes studying excerpts, quotations, or entire passages from organizational, clinical, or program records; memoranda and correspondence; official publicaitons and reports. Universitas Sumatera Utara The summary of recognizing qualitative data can be seen as the following: 1. Interviews Open-ended questions and probes yield in-dept responses about people’s experiences, perceptions, opinions, feelings, and knowledge. Data consist of verbatim quotations with sufficient context to be interpretable. 2. Observations Fieldwork descriptions of activites, behaviours, actions, conversations, interpersonal interactions, organizational or community processes, or any other aspect of observable human experience. Data consist of field notes: detailed descriptions, including the contex within which the observations were made. 3. Documents Written materials and other documents from organizational, clinical, or programs records; memoranda and correspondence; official publications and reports; personal diaries, letter, artistic works, photographs, and memorabilia; and written responses to open-ended surverys. Data consist of excerps from documents captured in a way that records and preserves context. 4. In addition to the above-mentioned three kinds of qualitative data, FGD Focus Group Discussion was also conducted to acquire more specific data and information of the research object. Universitas Sumatera Utara The technique of gathering the data is by recording the native speakers’ of Medan Mandarin Chinese in telling stories and answering the questions related to the morphological processes in the language. Since the writer was in need of a better result of the data during the interview, the writer made two ways of doing the interviews with the interviewees. The first one, the interviewee was not told that the interview would be recorded so that the interviewee could not arrange systematically his or her passage. This is important for the writer to obtain an original data from the interviewee. On the other hand, there are some interviews done by letting the interviewees know during the recording process as well. In addition to the qualitative method, the descriptive linguistics is also applied in this thesis for the descriptive linguistics deals with the design of the language of some community at a given time ignoring interpersonal and intergroup differences and such differences are always be found in any language spoken by more than one person since no two people have exactly the same set of habits.

3.2 The Source of the Data