CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter presents the method used in this research. It is divided into five parts; research design, area determination method, subject determination
method, data collection method, research procedure, and data analysis method.
3.1 Research Design
The design of the research was Classroom Action Research CAR because it was intended to improve class
VIII D students’ writing achievement in writing descriptive text by using realia at SMPN 1 Besuki Situbondo. Fraenkel and
Wallen 2009:589 argue that action research is conducted by one or more individuals or groups for the purpose of solving a problem or obtaining
information in order to inform local practice. In addition, Arikunto 2006:93 states that a classroom action research is an approach to improve the quality of
teaching learning process. It means that classroom action research is intended to improve the quality of teaching learning process and it helps solving the
classroom problem. In this research, it was concerned with the students’ problem
in writing descriptive text and it could be solved by using realia as a teaching aid at SMPN 1 Besuki Situbondo.
This research was conducted collaboratively with the English teacher of the eighth grades at SMPN 1 Besuki Situbondo. This classroom action research
was conducted in some stages in each cycle. They are 1 the planning of the action, 2 the implementation of the action, 3 classroom observation and 4
reflection of the action Lewin in Elliot, 1991:69. In planning of the action, the researcher prepared instructional material and constructed lesson plan. Then, the
researcher applied the lesson plan and instructional material in the classroom as an implementation of the action and while teaching and learning process. Both the
teacher and observer watched the circumstances of the classroom. They also evaluated the result of the observation. Reflection was used to answer the research
16
Preliminary Study - Interview
- Fact finding - Problem identification
Implementation
- Teaching writing of descriptive text
by using realia - Observing the
teaching learning of descriptive text
writing - Administering the
test problem. The actions were continued
to the second cycle when the students’ scores in the first cycle did not achieve the standard score required that was 70.
The design of this classroom action research is illustrated in the following diagram:
Figure 3.1 The Design of Classroom Action Research
Adapted from: Lewin in Elliot, 1991:70
The research procedures are explained as follows: 1.
Doing the preliminary study through an interview with the VIIID English teacher to obtain the supporting data.
2. Finding the documents related to the students’ name and the students’
previous English score. Revising some
necessary aspects
that make cycle 1 failed to meet the
target. The results do
not meet the target
Unsuccessful
Reflection
-Analysis -Reflection
Planning
-Preparing the teaching materials
-Constructing the lesson plans
-Preparing the observation guide
-Constructing the writing test
-Determining criteria of the
action
The cycle is stopped
Reporting the result The result
meets the target
3. Determining the students’ problems to be solved by using classroom
action research. 4.
Determining the subject that is VIIID which had the low mean score of writing from the documents obtain from the teacher.
5. Planning the actions by preparing instructional material and constructing
lesson plan, the observation checklist, writing test, and setting the criteria of success.
6. Implementing the actions in the first cycle that is teaching writing
descriptive text using realia. 7.
Observing the classroom done by English teacher while the researcher is implementing the first action.
8. Giving writing achievement test to the participants after finishing the
actions in the first cycle. 9.
Analyzing the results of descriptive text writing achievement test and then describing the test result.
10. Reflecting the results of writing test and observation collaboratively with
the English teacher to answer the research problem. 11.
Drawing a conclusion to answer the research problems.
3.2 Area Determination Method
Kategori