rulers, tacks, paper clips, plastic fork and spoons, dishes, glasses, bowls, umbrellas, wallets, purses, balls, phones, furniture, people, stones, plants, sand,
clay, sticks, jar, coffee cans, chalk, credit cards, hats, mannequins. The other examples of realia that easily found are food, drink, newspaper, ticket, and
clothes.
2.4 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Realia
It is very important in teaching learning process for the teacher to bring realia in the classroom. Mumford 2005 adds that he likes to use realia, i.e. object
in the class because it adds interest and relates language to the real world. It means that realia
will easily direct the students’ attention on the lesson and help them create a conducive teaching learning process. Realia give the students the
opportunity to use all of their senses to learn about a given subject. Therefore, the students only need to write what they see and can observe from realia. Moreover
realia helps the students improve their ability in writing without wasting more times to find the ideas about what they want to write.
On the other hand, there are disadvantages of using realia in writing class. The first, not all of realia can be brought into the classroom, such as wild animals,
transportation, seven wonders, and object may be too large a submarine or too small a single human cell for classroom study. The second is realia often are
expensive. To overcome those disadvantages, it is necessary for the teacher to prepare
everything before teaching, bring the realia which is possible uses in the classroom, and make sure that realia easy to be observed. Dividing the students in
pairs and give them one realia, so it can minimize the cost of realia. Therefore, the disadvantages of the students actually can be handling.
2.5 Descriptive Text
Descriptive text is a kind of text that describes particular persons, places or things with the purpose to give information to the readers. It has two generic
structures. They are identification and description. Identification is a part of text
that identifies thing, person, or place to be described while the description is a part of text that describes parts, qualities, or characteristics of the subject. The
language features that can be found in descriptive text are simple present tense, using certain noun, using adjective, using adverb
McWhorter 2010:234 argues description presents information in a way that appeals to one or more of the five senses sight, sound, smell, taste, and
touch. It usually creates an overall impression or feeling. It means that description is important and is a useful communication skill.
The following is the example of descriptive text;
DOLPHIN
Dolphins are sea mammals. They have to breathe air or they will die. They are the member of the delphinidae family.
Dolphins have smooth skin. They have a long tail and the fin on the top of their back keeps the dolphins from rolling over.
The dolphin’s front fins are called flippers. Dolphins hunt together in a group. A group of dolphins is called a pod. They eat
fish, shrimps, and small squid. Dolphins can hold their breath for six minutes. Sometimes they invent their own tricks and stunts
after watching other dolphins’ performances. Dolphins are friendly to people and have never harmed anyone. They are very
playful animals. Taken from: http:ikkayunie.wordpress.com20141211descriptive-text-
complete It is called identification in the first paragraph because this paragraph
identifies animal “dolphin” to be described. It is called description in second
paragraph because it gives the information of particular animal being discussed or
describes parts, qualities, or characteristics. Language Features:
Using certain noun such as fish, squid, etc. Using simple present tense
Example: Dolphins are sea mammals.
IDENTIFICATION
DESCRIPTION
Using adjective Example: long tail
Using adverb Example: in the ocean
2.6 Assessing Students’ Writing
