d Misordering
Misordering error that characterized by the incorrect placement of a morpheme or group of morpheme in an utterance.
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For example: Incorrect sentence: he is all the time late
Correct sentence: he is late all the time.
e Blends
Blends is typical of situations where there are two well-defined target and the learner is undecided which of those two target that he would like
to use. For example: Incorrect sentence:
According to Tina’s opinion Correct sentence: according to or
Tina’s opinion.
c. Error based on the comparative taxonomy
In the comparative taxonomy, the classification of errors is based on the comparisons between the structure of L2 errors and certain other types of
construction. For example, if someone uses comparative taxonomy to classify the errors of Indonesian students in learning English, one might compare the
structure of the student’s errors to that of errors reported for children acquiring English as the first language.
In the Comparative taxonomy, errors are divided into developmental errors, interlingual errors, ambiguous errors, and other errors.
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1 Developmental errors
Developmental errors are errors similar to those made by children learning the target language as their first language. For example:
Incorrect sentece: Dog it is black
Correct sentence: This dog is black
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Dulay, op. cit., p. 162
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Ibid., p. 163
2 Interlingual errors
Interlingual errors are similar to a semantically equivalent phrase or sentence in the learner’s native language. For example:
Incorrect sentence: The boy handsome Correct sentence: The boy is handsome
3 Ambiguous errors
Ambiguous errors are the errors that reflect the learner’s native language
structure and at the same time they found in the speech of children acquiring a first language. For example:
Incorrect sentence: I no have a car Correct sentence: I d
on’t have a car
4 Other errors
Few taxonomies are complete without grab bag for items that don’t fit into any other category. For example:
Incorrect sentence: She do hungry Correct sentence: She is hungry
d. Error based on the communicative effect taxonomy
Communicative effect taxonomy deals with errors from the perspective of their effect on the listener or reader. It is divided into two parts;
global and local errors.
1 Global errors are errors that affect overall sentence organization
significantly hinder communication. Here is the example: Incorrect sentence: English language use many people
Correct sentence: English language is used by many people.
2 Local errors are the errors that affect single elements constituents in a
sentence that do not hinder communication significantly. Incorrect sentence: Why like we each other?
Correct sentence: Why we like each other?
