c. Errors encouraged by teaching material or method
Error is evidence of failureineffective teaching or lack of cotrol. If the material is well chosen, graded and presented with meticulous care,
there should be any error.
8
According to Brown, in a classroom context the teacher or the textbook can lead the learner make faulty hypotheses about the language.
9
Based on the class observation, the teacher delivered material generally by explaining the meaning of regular and irregular verbs and giving only few
examples of regular and irregular verbs in the simple past form. In this observation, the writer as the observer saw the situation of the class is not
really good, because many students seem did not give attention to the teacher’s explanation.
From the questionnaire 100 of 25 students said that their English teacher had explained the material about regular and irregular verbs with
the examples. However, the teacher did not give students many examples of regular and irregular verbs as in the observation. So, their memorization
of regular and irregular verbs is limited. Another result of questionnaire, 88 of students admitted that they
did not interesting in learning English. There are only 12 of the students who interest in learning English. This situation leads some errors in
applying regular and irregular verbs because the students did not pay attention to the teacher’s explanation.
Some student did errors in applying the regular verbs by omitting several elements that should be present. For example:
Then Chris dived down, but slamed into my head as I was stuck
half way down. Students: 17, 23, 24
Dava borrowd my pen yesterday. Students: 4, 7
8
Peter Hubbard et al., A Training Course for TEFL, New York: Oxford University Press, 1983, p.142
9
Brown, op.cit., p. 265
The accident happend last Sunday afternoon. Students: 1, 8, 13,
14
The driver stoped the bus very quickly five minutes ago. Students:
1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24
From the example above, some students omitted some letters in the regular verb such as omitted
–m in the “slammed”, -k in the “picnicked”, -p in the
“stopped” and –e in the “borrowed” and “happened”. The other errors occur because the students added some unnecessary element. For
example:
Last night, the baby crieed in his room. Student: 19 Andy’s grandfather dieed when he was 85 years old. Student: 23
The students studyied those lessons last week. Students: 21 First, Christ tryedit out and he slid down and soon came back up
saying that it was safe, and that it was great fun. Students: 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 23, 24
Last night, the baby cryed in his room. Students: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9,
10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 23, 24
The examples above show that many students did not understand well in forming the past verbs of cry, die, study, try, etc.
In the student’s answer sheet, they added some unnecessary element that should be omitted
in those verbs. for example they added –e for “crieed” and “dieed”, and –
y in the “studyied”. They also did not change –y in some verbs that should
be –i such as “tryed” and “cryed” that the right answers are “tried” and
“cried”.
4. Evaluation of Errors
In the evaluation of error, the writer tried to analyze the effect of the error based on the communicative effect taxonomy by Dulay et al. It divided into global
and local errors. Global error is the errors that affect overall sentence organization, and it can hinder the message of the communication. Local error is
the errors that do not hinder communication significantly.
10
From the data, the percentage error of mis-selection mis-formation which made by students of SMP YPN Bojong Gede is the highest of all. It can be
considered more serious than others because they could hinder the message of the communication. From the answer sheet, many students mis-select the vocabulary
in transforming the verbs. It may cause by mother-tongue interference, because in Indonesian language there are no verbs transformation in making sentences. Here
are some examples of global errors taken from students’ answer sheet in using
regular and irregular verbs:
4. 10 Examples of Global Error
No. Error Identification
Error Correction
1.
Rita brought a new car three days ago. Students: 5, 6, 9, 10
Rita bought a new car three days ago.
Rita bun a new car three days ago. Student: 13
2.
We study in a house that was opposite a long, white beach with
a lot of sand dunes. Students: 5, 14
We stayed in a house that was opposite a long, white
beach with a lot of sand dunes.
10
Heidy Dulayet al., Language Two,New York: Oxford University Press, 1982, p. 191
3. My brother Chris and I went
walking on the beach one sunny day, and we fine a little cubby
out
of overgrown
bushes. Students: 13, 14
My brother Chris and I went walking on the beach one
sunny day, and we found a little
cubby out
of overgrown bushes.
4.
I locked at Chris and he made a rustling sound of wind in the
bushes. Student: 2
I looked at Chris and he made a rustling sound of
wind in the bushes.
5.
Dava barrow my pen yesterday. Student: 13
Dava borrowed my pen yesterday.
6.
Andy’s grandfather day when he was 85 years old. Students: 4, 7
Andy’s grandfather died when he was 85 years old.
7. The
students
stayed
those lessons last week. Student: 13
The students studied those lessons last week.
The students stay those lessons last week. Students: 1, 5, 6, 16,
23, 24
8.
I good to bed early because I was tired. Student: 2
I went to bed early because I was tired.
I god to bed early because I was tired. Student: 11
9.
She love in Bandung for two years, but now she lives in
Jakarta. Student: 3 She lived in Bandung for
two years, but now she lives in Jakarta.
10.
Last night, David drank his car very fast. Student: 8
Last night, David drove his car very fast.
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