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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Systemic Functional Linguistics
Systemic Functional Linguistics SFL is a school of linguistics introduced by M.A.K. Halliday in 1960s. This linguistics is based on systemic theory.
Systemic theory is a theory of meaning as choice, by which a language or any other semiotic system is interpreted as networks of interlocking options Halliday,
p: xiv. “This study oriented to is functional linguistics because the conceptual
framework on which it is based is a functional one rather than a formal one” ibid, p: xii.
It is based on the conceptualization of language as a resource of meaning rather than on the conceptualization of language as a system of rules. Further
Halliday explains that this study is functional in three distinct senses 1 of texts, 2 of the system, and 3 of the element of linguistics structure ibid.
Moreover, it is clear when he also states that, “Every text- every thing- that is said or written unfold in some context of use”.
It is also systemic since this theory bases the analysis on social semiotic perspective. According to this perspective, language always occurs as a text,
spoken or written Wiratno, 1994. Then, text is actually a linguistic realization of the cultural values, ideological values and the social process taking place in the
10 society. Birch,1989; Threadgold, 1986 ; in Santosa, 1994 . Every item in a
system of meaning is connected to every other, they are interrelated choices. In SFL tradition as stated above, text is the focus of analysis. A text is
constructed in components of functional meaning. Each language has two components of meaning; ideational meaning and interpersonal meaning. The
combination between the two is the textual meaning. They simultaneously determine the text being constructed. Ideational meaning explains what the text is
about. Interpersonal meaning is the semiotic reality. Briefly stated, each element in a language is explained by reference to its
function in the total linguistic system. In other words, each unit of a language is interpreted as functional referring to the whole units.
B. Text and Context
Kategori