conflict it is necessary to see the theories of conflict as well. Finally, the answer of the third problem formulation will be achieved by using the psychoanalysis
theories.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The object of this study is Oscar Wilde’s only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. The version being used in this thesis is the popular illustrated classics
version published by Rohan Book in 2003. The story was first published by J.M. Stoddart on Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine on July 1890. The story is considered
notorious on its first appearance. The next year Wilde greatly revised and expanded the text, adding melodramatic subplot and preface that defended his
aesthetic philosophy. The novel itself is about a young man who is captivated by his own
beauty. Dorian Gray, the beautiful young man is a friend of Basil Hallward, the painter who painted his picture. At first, Dorian is depicted as a naïve young man
with astonishing handsome face that amazes everyone who sees it. Then he meets Lord Henry Wotton. Influenced by Lord Henry Wotton’s ideology and philosophy
of life, Dorian Gray wishes to stay young forever. Along the journey of his life Dorian Gray conducts a lot of crimes; breaks Sibyl Vane’s heart then she finally
commits suicide by drinking poison, kills Sibyl’s brother James Vane who tries to have a revenge for his sister and finally Dorian also kills his own best friend, Basil
Hallward. Magically, along this period of his life, he stays young while his portrait changes. The portrait of Dorian grows older as an exchange for what he
does, revealing the hideous corruption of his moral decay. The story itself is set in
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1890 in beautiful places in London, such as Basil Hallward’s studio and the opium dens of East End.
B. Approach of the Study
To answer the problem formulation in this study, the writer applies psychological approach. This thesis deals with characters, author and his state of
mind, therefore psychological approach is appropriate since character is one of the subjects of Psychology. It involves patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings.
Therefore, this criticism is the most suitable to be used in this thesis since the analysis concerns about the pleasure and reality principles seen in the characters
and the story of the novel. The basis of psychological approach is the idea of the existence of human
unconscious impulses, desires, and feelings about which a person is unaware but influencing emotions and behavior. Critics use this approach to explore the
motivations of characters and the symbolic meanings of events in literary works. It is also used to describe and analyze the reader’s personal responses to a text
http:www.bedfordmartins.comliteratureglossary_htmtop. According to Rohrberger and Woods 1971: 13, psychological approach
is an approach to literature which “involves the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns” and which refers to different body of knowledge that is
Psychology. In applying this approach, psychological theories are generally used as interpretive tools, similar to what Lewis Leary 1976: 57 said in his book
American Literature: A Study and Research Guide that:
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