instinctual desires of the id, and to allow these desires to be released in nondestructive way Bressler, 1999: 150.
3. Psychoanalysis. It is a type of psychotherapy developed by Freud, in
which the chief tools are free association, study of dreams, slips of the tongue, and transference. Psychoanalysis attempts to give patients insight
into his unconscious conflicts, which he can then control as they come into their awareness Kagan, 1972: 595.
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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
A. Review of Related Studies
The Picture of Dorian Gray is Wilde’s only novel that made a sensational appearance in 1890. This novel is one of Wilde’s most popular works. The novel
was said to be a successful scandal. Early readers were shocked by its hints at unspeakable sins and the book later was used as evidence against Wilde at the Old
Bailey in 1895 http:www.powells.combiblio?isbn=0141439572. Mighall Robert from Powell.com considers this book as one of the last
works of classic gothic horror fiction with a strong Faustian theme. It deals with artistic movements and homosexuality, both of which caused some controversy
when the book was first published. However, in modern times, the book has been referred to as “one of the modern classic of Western literature.”
Enthralled by his own exquisite portrait, Dorian Gray makes a Faustian bargain to sell his soul in exchage for eternal youth and beauty. Under the
influence of Lord Henry Wotton, he is drawn into a corrupt double life, where he is able to induldge his desires while remaining gentleman in the
eyes of the polite society. Only Dorian’s picture bears the traces of his decadence http:www.powells.combiblio?isbn=0141439572.
Terrence Dawson, a senior lecturer in National University of Singapore in his literary review “Basil, Lord Henry, and Wilde: A Jungian Approach to The
Picture of Dorian Gray “ states that Basil and Lord Henry represent the actual life of Wilde in which his adoration for Lord Alfred Douglas is the same as Basil’s
fascination for Dorian http:www.victorianweb.orgbooks06g.html.
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Ackroyd’s preface in the original Penguin Classic said that this novel leads us to know about the secret life and an analysis of the darker side of late Victorian
society. The Picture of Dorian Gray offers a disturbing portrait of an individual coming face to face with the reality of his soul. This novel talks about spiritual
corruption in which a young man exchanges his soul for eternal youth to indulge in his desires Edinburgh, 2003: ix .
Meanwhile, Camille Cauti, Ph.D. points out that The Picture of Dorian Gray is a fantasy story about a young man who sells his soul for eternal youth and
beauty. According to her, this novel is not only about immortality but also about the life of the upper class people at that time since the main characters are upper
class society that shows hypocrisy http:www.awerty.comThe Picture of Dorian Gray.htm.
There have been many studies related to Wilde’s work The Picture of Dorian Gray from many different points of view. Most of the previous studies
discussed The Picture of Dorian Gray from psychological point of view, in which this thesis will also discuss the novel from the same point of view. Diiferent from
the others, this thesis is focusing on two opposing principles brought by Freud that is said to be the battle between the flesh and spirit seen from the characters and
the conflicts within the story. This thesis also tries to see whether or not the battle between the two principles within the novels reflects the author’s inner conflicts.
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