Theoretical Framework THEORETICAL REVIEW

subject matter. It is necessary that the critic investigates the social milieu in which a work was created in a vacuum and second, literature embodies ideas significant to the culture that produced it. There are two factors that need to get attention to socio- cultural. First, accuracy in the presentation of historical facts is of value to the historian, but not necessarily to the author. Second, a work of literature might have a historical significance, but not necessarily a literary significance. The themes of Cry, the Beloved Country is about social inequality and injustice in the main character’s conflicts; the focus of the sociocultural-historical is the South African society, the time when Paton lives and exists. Nevertheless, he is able to join with the culture and society at that time was bad, especially for the Black people, the working class. They were described as a second class in society because of the politics Apartheid. Looking at the bad conditions, Paton, who came from the white society but born and live in South Africa wrote a novel about the condition of South Africa, he put his criticism on it. I use the sociocultural-historical approach because of its relation between the author and the society at the time Paton wrote the novel. In the novel, Paton wants to criticize the society at that time and he describes it through the representation of each character problem in the novel. The sociocultural-historical approach also related to this study which examining the criticism and the conflicts and the causes of the conflicts of the main character personality which closely related with the society and the background of the author. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

C. Method of the Study

There were some steps to analyze the novel. First, I read the story many times in order to gain in a deeper understanding on the novel, then I made some notes concerning the evidence of some problems that I found in the novel, such as characters, conflicts, and society. Second, I collected some books and papers or articles from the Library which related with the subject matter of my study. I also tried to find some criticism about the novel in the internet. Then I read them all and compare the theories and criticism toward the novel. Third, I analyzed the novel. There were still few of steps that I did in analyzing the novel. First, I explain the main character personality then I tried to find some interaction between characters o find out the conflicts which are faced by the main character. After that, I tried to find out the society which influences the conflicts. Then I compared the society in the twentieth century and the society in the novel to reveal the criticism of the author in the novel. Method of the study I used is a Library research because some of the sources I taken form the library, learning other thesis that have close relation with my study and then comparing them. I also did some browsing in the internet to find some criticism about the novel I analyze.