comments on the designed material. From the evaluation, feedback, and comments gathered, the writer would make revision and improvement on the materials.
After improving and revising the designed materials based on the participants’ evaluation, the writer conducted a pilot study. The purpose of this
study was to investigate the results of the implementation of the designed materials in the reading class. The participants were three tenth grade students of SMA
STELLA DUCE 1 Yogyakarta. The results of the pilot study would be used to make some necessary adjustments on the designed materials and the syllabus.
C. Research Instruments
In this study, there were two instruments used. The writer would discuss the instruments conducted in the pre-design study and post-design study.
1. Pre-design Study
In the pre-design study, the writer applied the first step of R D cycle, that is, Research and Information Collecting.
In this section, the writer employed two instruments. The first instrument was interview. According to Ary et al 1972: 174, there are two kinds of interview.
These are structured and unstructured interview. The structured interview is inflexible since the respondents are restricted to give answers only on the questions
attached. Whereas, the questions asked in this type of interview are called closed questions. In contrast, the unstructured interview is more flexible and informal. In
this type of interview, the respondents may answer the questions freely. They may give views, beliefs, opinion, or other information. Moreover, the questions used are
called open-ended questions.
In this study, the writer employed unstructured interview. In this type of interview, the interviewer asked some questions and the interviewee was still able
to add or to shorten the topic. The interviewer also allowed the interviewee to initiate the raising of topics. The purpose of conducting this interview was to get
the information about the students’ background knowledge and also to find out the data about the teaching learning process conducted in the reading class. In addition,
the data gathered from the interview was used as the supporting data to design the materials.
The second instrument used in this study was a pre-design questionnaire. Selinger and Shohamy 1989: 172 stated questionnaire as a printed list of data
collection which includes a number of questions or statements for the subject to respond. According to Ary et al 2002: 175, there are two types of questionnaire.
Open form questionnaire or unstructured questionnaire is a questionnaire which does not provide the participants with the suggested answers. The participants have
their freedom to answer the questions provided and the participants are responsible in answering the questionnaires. The second type is closed questionnaire or
structured questionnaire. In this type of questionnaire, the participants are given some alternatives. This type of questionnaire aims to help the participants answer
the questions given by offering some alternatives. In this research and information collecting, the writer combined the two types
of questionnaire in order to get appropriate information from the students. This questionnaire was called semi-open questionnaire where the writer used the
checklist questions type for the tenth grade students of SMA STELLA DUCE 1 Yogyakarta. The checklist questions type is defined as questions with number of
possible answers Ary, Jacobs, and Razeviech, 2002: 424-425.
Furthermore, the writer made the questionnaire in Indonesian to avoid misinterpretation between the writer and the participants. By writing the
questionnaire in Indonesian, it was hoped that the participants understood the contents of the questionnaire and answered it correctly.
2. Post-design Study
