Before Reading While Reading

2. The Indicators

In this study, the presentation of the learning objectives, stated as the indicators, are in table 4.2. The indicators are attached in Appendix F. Unit Topics Indicators 1 Culture At the end of the lesson, the students are able to: • Predict the content of the text based on the title and the pictures • Formulate questions related to the reading passage • List the unfamiliar words or phrases from the reading passage • Guess the Indonesian meanings of the unfamiliar words or phrases • State the main ideas and the supporting details • Rewrite the main ideas and the supporting details into one good paragraph • Identify the generic structures of a descriptive text Table 4.3 The Sample of the Indicators

3. The Contents

In this study, there were three activities proposed. The activities were based on the reciprocal teaching strategies, i.e.; prediction, question generation, summary, and clarification. Moreover, the activities proposed by Bonnie and Jean 2002: 85- 87, that is, Before Reading, While Reading, and After Reading activities were also used in this designed materials. Each unit of the materials consisted of three major activities. In Before Reading, prediction strategy was implemented and in While Reading, question generation strategy was used. Moreover, the writer implemented summary and clarification strategies within After Reading activity. The further discussions were as follows:

a. Before Reading

In this step, the purpose intended by the writer was to activate the students’ background knowledge which led them into further understanding about the topics. By having enough information about the topic, it aided the students to achieve better understanding. In the Before Reading activity, the possible activity was prediction. In this section, the students were asked to answer several questions which facilitated them to activate their background knowledge about the topics given. Furthermore, this Before Reading activity enabled the students to give predictions about what were discussed in the reading passage by looking at the titles and the pictures provided.

b. While Reading

This While Reading activity dealt with the students’ reading ability since the students were given reading passage and were expected to gain as much information as they could in order to achieve comprehension. Furthermore, the students used this section to confirm their predictions. The strategy utilized in this section was question generation since the students were expected to formulate questions which were based on the reading passage. This strategy led the students to one more step along in the comprehension activity. By generating question, the students identified important information in which it was used as the substance of the question. In this section, the students learnt to find the main ideas and supporting details which led them to a better understanding. The information gained in this section, enabled the students to draw inferences, conclusions, or make summary.

c. After Reading