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Classroom Action Research is research that is conducted to solve the problems raised in the teaching-learning process. The information gathered from
the action research aims to gain insight, to develop reflective practice, to achieve positive changes
in the school environment, and to improve students‟ outcomes Mills, 2011, p. 5. Moreover, in 2010, Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen state that action
research aims to interpret events and to enable individuals or groups of people to formulate acceptable solutions to local problems, to seek viable, sustainable, and
effective solutions to common problems. Thus, this research aims to help the student to solve their problem in constructing sentences; especially compound
sentences.
c. Model of Classroom Action Research
There are many models of action research cycles. However, the researcher will use the Kemmis and McTaggart 1988 cycle model in this research. The
cycle is planning, action, observation, and reflection see Figure 2.1.
Figure 2.1. Kemmis McTa ggart’s Cycle of Classroom Action Research
From Kemmis and McTaggart, 1988
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1 Planning
Kemmis and McTaggart 1988 say that the plan must be flexible enough to adapt since all social action is unpredictable and risky p. 11. They say that the
plan should help the researchers to go beyond present constraints and to empower them to act more appropriately in the situation and more effectively as an educator
p. 12. In this research, the researcher collaborate in discussion with the English teacher “…to build a language by which they must analyze and improve their
understandings and action in the situation” Kemmis McTaggart, 1988, p. 12. After knowing the problems, the researcher starts to make a plan of the
implementation of jumbled-word game.
2 Action and Observation
Kemmis and McTaggart 1988 state that an action step is used as a platform for the further development. Moreover, the action step should be guided
by planning but not completely controlled. The researcher should be aware of the unpredictable things that might come out in the action step. What makes action
research differs from other research is that it is observed p. 12. Observation step in action research is conducted to collect data about the
action step in order to be able to evaluate it in detail. According to Kemmis and McTaggart 1988, the function of observation is for documenting the effects of
critically informed action p. 13. Therefore, the observation step should be responsive, open-eyed, and open-minded.
