41 percentage in each student‟s writing. The formula used to count the grammatical
error percentage was as follows.
X : the grammatical error percentage in students‟ writing
N : the number of wrong compound sentences made by the students
∑N : the sum of compound sentences that the students made
The researcher counted average of grammatical error percentage from students‟
drafts in two cycles, in order to find out whether the research was successful or not.
The researcher used data triangulation to analyze the data obtained in this research. According to Johnson and Christensen 2010, “Triangulation is the use
of multiple theories and perspectives to help inter pret and explain the data.” p.
268. Moreover, Fraenkel and Wallen 2009 state that triangulation was achieved not only by comparing teacher interviews, student interviews and observations but
also by comparing these with quantitative measures of classroom interaction and achievement p. 561. Thus, the researcher needed the data triangulation in order
to obtain the data of this research to be more accurate.
F. Research Procedure
In this part, the researcher presents procedure of this research. There are two parts of the procedure, namely asking for the research permission and
conducting Classroom Action Research. X = N x 100
∑N
42
1. Asking for Research Permission
There were several procedures in acquiring research permission. Firstly, the researcher went to SMK Sanjaya Pakem and met the English teacher of XI
grade. The researcher asked for permission to conduct Classroom Action Research based on results that she got from XI grade students. After having the permission,
the researcher met the headmistress of SMK Sanjaya Pakem to ask for permission to conduct Classroom Action Research in the school. Then, the researcher asked
the secretariat of English Language Education Study Program to make a permission letter for using the school as research setting. After the permission
letter was signed by the chairperson of English Language Education Study Program, the researcher gave it to the secretariat of SMK Sanjaya Pakem. Having
done with the permission, the researcher met the English teacher of X grade to discuss the Classroom Action Research and materials. The researcher also asked
the English teacher about stude nts‟ conditions, students‟ writing skills, classroom
situations, and teaching method that the English teacher used. Finally, the researcher conducted the research in agreement with existing schedule.
2. Conducting Classroom Action Research
In this research, the researcher conducted Classroom Action Research in several steps according to Kemmis and McTaggart 1988 model. At first, the
researcher made lesson plans to implement jumbled-word game as teaching method to develop students‟ writing skills to construct compound sentences. The
researcher also prepared handouts, worksheets, observation sheets, questionnaires, and interview guidelines.
