9 it to express a certain idea. In addition, Silva 1990 states that “…writing is
regarded as an extension of grammar – a means of reinforcing language patterns
through habit formations and testing learners‟ ability to produce well-formed sentences as cited in Hyland, 2003, p. 3. It can be said that writing is a process in
developing ideas into written products. In this research, the product of writing is in the form of sentences
– grammatical thing.
2. Compound Sentences
According to House and Harman 1950, a compound sentence is defined as a sentence which is composed of two or more coordinate principal
independent clauses p. 421. English sentence structures are simple sentence, compound sentence, and complex sentence. A compound sentences is formed by
joining one simple sentence independent clause to another simple sentence independent clause using connecting words called „conjunctions‟ University of
New England, n.d., p. 1. Similarly, Miller 2002 adds that compound sentences consist of two or more clauses joined by conjunctions p. 62. Thus, compound
sentence is a sentence which contains of two independent clauses and connected by conjunctions.
3. Classroom Action Research CAR
Classroom Action Research is any systematic inquiry conducted by teachers, researchers, principals, school counselors, or other stakeholders in a
teaching-learning environment to gather information about the ways that their particular schools operate, how they teach, and how well their students learn
Mills, 2011, p. 5. Classroom Action Research is research that is conducted to
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solve problems raised in teaching-learning processes. Kemmis and McTaggart 1988 say th
at action research is “a form of collective self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants in social situations in order to improve the rationality
and justice of their own social or educational practices” p. 5. Mills 2011 adds that the information gathered from the action research aims to gain insight, to
develop reflective practice, to achieve positive changes in the school environment, and to improve students‟ outcomes p. 5. In this research, CAR is research which
is conducted by the researcher to develop the writing skills of the X AK students of SMK Sanjaya Pakem in constructing compound sentences through the cycle of
planning, action, observation, and reflection.
4. Jumbled-Word Game
A jumbled-word game is one of grammar games. In this game, the students have to arrange jumbled-words into correct orders. Harmer 2007
mentions some of examples of grammar games as follows. a. Asking the Right Question
In this game, there is a pile of cards between two students in which each card consists of a word or phrase, and the card is face down. The student A pick
up the first card and has to ask the student B question until heshe give exactly the answer that is written on the card.
b. Putting Sentences Back Together Again In this game, there are sentences with the words in the wrong order, e.g.
bananas don‟t eating I like for I don‟t like eating bananas. The students
