Validity and Reliability of the Data

1. Time triangulation The data were collected at different a period of time to get the sense of what were involved in the process of the changes. In this research, the researcher collects the data before, during, and after the implementation of the actions. The researcher collected data by observing the teaching and learning process and interviews the students and the teacher before, during, and after the implementation of the actions. 2. Investigator triangulation The researcher used method triangulation in which the researcher used different kinds of data collection techniques - interview and observation. Therefore, to fulfill the reliability, the researcher involved more than one source of data, namely the researcher, the English teacher and the students of the eighth grade. The researcher triangulates the data by analyzing them using field notes of the teaching learning process, the interview transcripts, some expert’s theories and other observer’ notes that are related to the data such as notes of the students’ involvement during the process. The researcher took field notes of what the researcher did in the class and kept the supporting documents such as lesson plan, the students’ work and some checklist of what the researcher wanted to do in the class. After that, the researcher interviewed the students to know what they felt during the class activities. The researcher also interviewed the teacher to get some comments, perceptions and suggestion about the action. The researcher also got together with the observer and asks for her observations.

F. Steps of the Research

The earlier phase of doing this research was reconnaissance phase in which the researcher begins to clarify the problem and plan the action to solve the problem Mc Niff, Lomax, and Whitehead: 2003. In this study, the researcher has observed the research focus to find the problem as the general idea of the research then plan an act to overcome the problem. The main problem of this research dealt with the minimum vocabularies mastery. Then the researcher used Picture Series technique to improve the speaking skill. The research was conducted by following the action research model proposed by Kemmis and Mc Taggart in Burns 2010. The action research model can be seen in the following figure. Figure 1.Action According The first step was issue and then de specific area of implementing the researcher obser documentation of reflection. In this tion research model proposed by Kemmis and M in Burns 2010 ding to Figure 1, there were four steps in doing ac was planning. In this step, the researcher identified n developed a plan of action in order to get improve of research context. The second step was action. the plan. The third step was observation. In observes systematically the effects of the action on of the context, the actions and the opinions. The his step, the researcher reflected on, evaluated and d McTaggrat action research. ied a problem or provements in a tion. It is about n this step, the on and collects The last step was nd described the effects of the action in order to make sense of what has happened and to understand the issue the researcher has explored. The researcher might decide to do further cycles of action research to improve the speaking skills.