Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language at Junior High School

handing out grades, or saying whether the students can pass to the next level or not. The next is a teacher as prompter. In this role, the teacher prompts the students in order to continue an activity when there is a problem. The fifth role is a teacher as a participant. In this role, the teacher is not dominating the teaching and learning process because he or she is only a participant. This role is usually in discussion where the students are more active than the teacher. The sixth role is a teacher as a resource. When the students need information during the learning activity, the teacher is a resource that gives explanation about the information needed by the students. The seventh role is a teacher as a tutor. The teacher is a tutor in classroom when the students are doing a long project. In this case, the teacher combines his role as a prompter and a resource. The last role is a teacher as an observer. The teacher observes what the students do during the learning process. According to Breen and Candlin in Nunan 1989: 87, there are three main roles of a teacher. The first role is facilitator; the second role is participant; and the last role is observer and learner. Beside a teacher, there are also students in the teaching and learning process. Students take important role in the teaching and learning process. In the teaching and learning process, the students become the subject of teaching and learning process. Nunan 1989: 80 explains the roles of the students in the teaching and learning process as follows: a. the student is the passive recipient of outside stimuli, b. the student is an interactor and negotiator who is capable of giving as well taking, c. the student is a listener and performer who has little control over the content of learning, d. the student is involved in a process of personal growth, e. the student is involved in a social activity, and the social and interpersonal roles of the learner cannot be divorced from the psychological learning process, and f. the student must take responsibility for their own learning, developing autonomy and skill in learning-how-to-learn. Based on the roles above, it can be said that the students need to be helped in order to maximize their roles in the teaching and learning process. The teacher should provide a lot of opportunities for the students to use what they have learned, in this case, language, for example the opportunities to interact with the teachers and their classmates such as asking question, giving opinions, and expressing ideas; the opportunities for involving actively in the classroom activities; the opportunities for working cooperatively with the other students in the class; and the opportunities for taking responsibility for their own learning and for developing their skills and strategies for autonomous learning.