41
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Types of Research
The type of this research is Research and Development RD. According to Sugiyono 2015:407, research and development method is the
research methods used to produce a specific product and test the effectiveness or feasibility of products. This research was focused on the development of
product in form of Snake and Ladder game as a learning media. B.
Research Design
This research used research and development model of ADDIE Analysis, Design, Development or Production, Implementation or Delivery,
and Evaluation. According to Dick and Carry 1996 in Endang Mulyatiningsih 2012: 200-202, there are five stages in ADDIE model. The
stages are:
1. Analysis Stage
Researcher analyzed the problem in class X Accounting SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Tempel. The motivation of students in the class is still
low. The influential factor was a monotonous learning media utilizing. Snake and ladder game can be an alternative of learning media. The steps
were analyzing of curriculum, competency standard, and basic competence that will be contained in snake and ladder media.
42 2.
Design Stage There are three design steps as follows:
a. Making Product Design
The researcher starts to plan the design of learning product appropriate with the fixed basic competence and material concept, i.e.
special journal with the periodic method. b.
Arranging The Rules of Game The development of product has a form like general snake and
ladder game, however, the content is about Special Journal-Material. Thus, it needs to make game rules which are directing the student to use
media easily. c.
Arranging the Assessment Instrument of Product This step, researcher arranges the grating of assessment instrument
that is used to assess the product. This instrument are questionnaires for material experts, media expert, and students as a target of product
implementation. 3.
Development Stage The activites in this stage that has been done are:
a. The Product Making
The process in this step is making the product. All components that has been prepared in the design stage arranged into the complete unity
product.
43 b.
Validation of Product The first product was validated by material experts and media
expert. The result of validation is comments, suggestion, and feedback which can be the basis revising the developed product.
c. Product Revision I
This stage, the initial product was revised based on comments, suggestion, and feedback from material experts and media expert in
product validation stage. 4.
Implementation Stage Activities in this stage are:
a. Small GroupTtryout
According to Dick and Carry in Setyosari 2012: 225 small group tryout consist of six to eight subjects. In this stage, Accounting Snake
and Ladder was tried out in small group which consists of 8 students of class X Accounting in SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Yogyakarta. Then, the
researcher gaves the questionnaire to know the assessment of student about the development of the product.
b. Product Revision II
Product Revision II was done based on comments and suggestions from the student at small group tryout if it necessary. However, the
comments and suggestions from the validators not be ignored to avoid the problems of the improvements that have been done before.
44 c.
Field Tryout The product was tried out to all of the students in class X
Accounting SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Tempel. In this stage, the researcher was given the socialization about the rules of game before
implementation and then after the implementation of the learning media the questionnaires were distributed to know the assessment of students
about the development of the learning media. d.
Product Revision III if needed Product Revision III is done if there is a need to revise the product
after the field tryout. This revision based on suggestions and feedback from students on field tryout stage. However, the comments and
suggestions from the validators not be ignored to avoid the problems of the improvements that have been done before.
5. Evaluation Stage
The final stage, researcher measured the achievement of the product development objectives. The researcher obtained final product after passing
the product validation and product tryout in the previous stage. Then it was implemented in class X Accounting SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Tempel to
measure the improveme nt of students‟ learning motivation.
45 Figure 2. ADDIE Development Model
C. Place and Time of Research
Kategori