2.1.4 GNULinux System
According to Stallman 1997, many computer users run a modified version of the GNU system every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar
turn of events, the versions of GNU which is widely used today is often called “Linux”, and many of its users are not aware that is basically the GNU system,
developed by the GNU project. Still based on Stallman 1997, Linux is the kernel: the program in the
system that allocates the machines resources to other programs that you run. The kernel is essential part of an operating system, but useless by itself, it can only
function in the context of a complete operating system. Linux is normally used in combination with the GNU operating system: the whole system is basically GNU
with Linux added, or GNULinux. All the so-called “Linux” distributions are
really distributions of GNULinux. Based on MDGR 2006:96, in Linux design, Linux is like UNIX
implementation nonmicrokernel. It is a multiuser system, multi tasking system that is compatible with UNIX. Linux system consists of 3 important parts: Kernel,
Libraries and utilities. a. Kernel
Based on syafii 2004:1, at the first time, Linux is a kernel made by Linus Torvalds, a student in Helsinky University, Finland.
According to Negus 2008:7, The Linux kernel which was created and is still maintained by Linus Torvalds is what gives Linux its name. The kernel is
the software that starts up when you boot your computer and interfaces with
the programs you use so they can communicate effectively and simply with your computer hardware.
Based on Stallman 1997, Linux is the kernel: the program in the system that allocates the machines resources to the other programs that you run. The
kernel is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by itself, it can only function in the context of a complete operating system.
Based on MDGR 2006:97, the Linux kernel forms the core of Linux operating system, it provides all functions to run process and provides system
services to give the setting and the access protection to hardware. Kernel implements all needed features in order to be able work as operating system.
Interface from operating system that is in running application is not managed by kernel, but the application make calls to libraries, then call operating system
services that are needed. According to Dewi and Arie 2004, kernel is divided into 2 versions.
Stable version characteristic is it has even minor version like 2.4.0, 2.4.20, 2.4.21. Development version characteristic is it has odd minor version, like
2.5.0, 2.5.2, 2.5.3. Kernel Linux can b downloaded in http:www.kernel.org
. Kernel consists of modules needed by hardware in computer such as network
card, vga card, printer etc. Kernel need to be compiled to run the modules. The steps to compile the kernel are make config to call kernel configuration here
has to become root. Make dep is to read file configuration and process what will be compiled and what will not be compiled. Make clean is to delete
previous compilation. Make zImage is to form compilation kernel that will be
put in usrsrclinuxarchi386boot directory named zImage. Make modules ; make modules_install
is to make kernel file module and do installation kernel module that will be put in libmodules directory.
b. Libraries Systems According to MDGR 2006:97, system libraries provide kind of
functions. In the lower-level, they allow application to ask request in system kernel service. Making a system-call involve transfer control from useless user
mode to used user mode. Libraries duty to collect system-call argument ad manage those arguments in special form needed to do system-call.
Still based on MDGR 2006:97, Libraries also can provide more complex version from standard system-call, example, buffered function file-handling
from C language. Libraries also provide sorting algorithm, mathematic function and string manipulation. All function needed to support UNIX
application or POSIX is implemented in system libraries. c.
Utilities System According to MDGR 2006:98 Linux system contains system utilities
and user utilities. System utilities include all program needed to analyze system, such as programs to configure network device or to load kernel
modules. Not all utilities do important system administrative function. UNIX user environment consists of standard utilities to do daily tasks, such as making
directory lists, moving and deleting files or show contain of files. More complex utilities can do word-processing function. If combined, those utilities
form standard utilities.
2.2 Core
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