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inner or subjective world of the individual have also been object of literary ‘imitation’.
Sociology of literature is a branch of literary study that examines the relationships between literary works and their social contexts, including patterns of literacy, kinds of
audience, modes of publication and dramatic presentation, and the social class positions of authors and readers. It studies the social production of literature and its social implications.
Sociology of literature approach literature is th approach most widely practiced today. This approach pays great attention to the documentary aspects of literature. Its basis is the
idea that literature is a miror of the time. The view assumes that literature is a direct mirror of various social structures, familial relations, class conflict and others. In this case, the task of
the sociology of literature links the character’s situation with the historical Some authors have tried to make the classification of sociology of literature problem
briefly. Wellek and Warren 1986:84 suggest the classification as follows; first, the author’s sociology that questions the social status, social ideology, and others concerns the literary
work itself; which is the subject of the review that is implied in a literary author as producer. Second, sociology of literature that questioned the literary work and what its purpose. Third,
the sociology of literature that questioned the readers and social influence of literary works.
2.2 Novel and Society
There are two kinds of writings. Kinds that are likely to be applied are prose and verse but prose seems to be more typical to be used for it consists of ordinary grammatical
structures and speeches. Prose is also known as the least complicated literary genre. Novel is one of its forms.
The term novel is a truncation of the Italian word novella. A novel is normally a prose work of quite some length and complexity which attempts to reflect and express
something of the equality or value of human experience or conduct Taylor, 1981:46. Most
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of novels are dealing with people and their social life’s problem. Novel is also an account of life which may be related to mythical stories, historical events, social occurences,
philosophical ideas, biographical elements, or religious doctrines. In the sociology of the novel, sociology is dealing with an art. Novel is really close to
the social phenomenon that happens in the society. It is as what Michel Zeraffa says in Burns and Burns 1973: 35, Sociology of Literature and Drama: Selected Readings that:
The form and content of the novel derive more closely from social phenomenon than do those of other arts, except perhaps cinema; novel
often seem bound up with particular moments in the history of society.
Novel is a long fictional narrative work which somehow imitates the reality and might have certain effects to readers. The rise of the novel is in 18
th
century. Authors at that time created their literary works without following the traditional way that has been set. Before
18
th
century, the characters and the stories always came from the aristocrats. Nevertheless, starting from this period, the characters and the stories started to come from the commoners
who possessed a more unique life. Iqbal is a novel by Francesco D’adamo. It is based on the true story of a Pakistani
child slave named Iqbal Masih. It takes place in Pakistan in 1980. Iqbal novel portrays the life of Pakistani children in 1980 which was occupied with depiction of poverty and
commencement to being labours towards the children themselves. There are some social problems that is found in the Pakistan’s society as reflected in the novel. Poverty and child
labour are two main problems that is found in it. Through Iqbal novel, it is proved that novel has a connection with society. Novel can reflect the human’ social life.
2.3 Historical Approach
