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1.2 Problem of the Analysis
Problems that the writer would like to analyze are: 1.
How poverty among Pakistan’s society is portrayed in Francesco D’Adamo’d novel, Iqbal?
2. How child labour among Pakistan’s children is portrayed in Francesco DAdamo’s
novel, Iqbal? 3.
What is the connection between poverty with child labour as found in Francesco DAdamo’s novel, Iqbal?
1.3 Objective of the Study
There are three objectives that can be found in this thesis writing, that are: 1.
To portray poverty among Pakistan’s society found in Francesco DAdamo’s novel, Iqbal
2. To portray child labor among the Pakistan’s children found in Francesco
DAdamo’s novel, Iqbal 3.
To explain the connection between poverty and child labour found in Francesco DAdamo’s novel, Iqbal
1.4 Scope of the Analysis
The study of Iqbal Novel will be confined by analyzing poverty and child labour. It also analyses the connection between poverty and child labour that is found in Iqbal. It focus
on the Iqbal’s life story and other children who work together with Iqbal. Iqbal is badly forced to work in a factory. Poverty and child labor are two main points which will be
analyzed in this thesis.
1.5 Significance of the Analysis
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This thesis, analyzing novel Iqbal, is very useful for the readers who want to know more about Pakistan children life in 1980s. There are two benefits of this thesis that are
theoretically benefits and practically benefits. Theoretically, the study of this novel, Iqbal, is expected can give more informations,
an overview and understanding about poverty and child labor in Pakistan. In addition, the readers can imagine how cruel the situation and condition at the time. Practically, this thesis
can be as a reference or as an additional reading material for those who are also interested in studying and discussing literary sociology.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Sociology of Literature
Sociology of Literature is derived from the terms sociology and literature. Sociology is derived from Greek word socious and logos. Socious means together, united, comrade,
friend and logos meaning word, speech and parable. In other meaning, socious means society while logos means science or study. Thus, sociology basically means a science or study of
society. Sociology is the science of associations of minds. It tries to explain the origin of
growth and structure of society. Sociology helps in understanding society, its various institutions of human relationship and its manifestation of mans social interactions and
socialization. From the definitions above, it can be concluded that there are three views of what sociology is i.e. sociology is the science of society, a study of social relationships and a
study of the form of social relationships. Likewise sociology, literature is also dealing with human beings in society. Literature
is an important thing in the world. The word “literature” derives from Latin littera which means letter. It has a very close relationship with human’ life. It reflects human’ life.
Literature also shows us about the real life without neglecting the nature and environment which influences the writing. It is as Wellek and Warren 1956:94 mention in Theory of
Literature that: Literature is a social institution, using as its medium language, a social
creation. Such traditional literary devices as symbolism and metre are social in their very nature. They are conventions and norms which could have
arisen only in society. But, furthermore literature represent “life; and “life” is, in large measure, a social reality even though the natural world and the
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inner or subjective world of the individual have also been object of literary ‘imitation’.
Sociology of literature is a branch of literary study that examines the relationships between literary works and their social contexts, including patterns of literacy, kinds of
audience, modes of publication and dramatic presentation, and the social class positions of authors and readers. It studies the social production of literature and its social implications.
Sociology of literature approach literature is th approach most widely practiced today. This approach pays great attention to the documentary aspects of literature. Its basis is the
idea that literature is a miror of the time. The view assumes that literature is a direct mirror of various social structures, familial relations, class conflict and others. In this case, the task of
the sociology of literature links the character’s situation with the historical Some authors have tried to make the classification of sociology of literature problem
briefly. Wellek and Warren 1986:84 suggest the classification as follows; first, the author’s sociology that questions the social status, social ideology, and others concerns the literary
work itself; which is the subject of the review that is implied in a literary author as producer. Second, sociology of literature that questioned the literary work and what its purpose. Third,
the sociology of literature that questioned the readers and social influence of literary works.
2.2 Novel and Society
Kategori