3 METHODS
3.1 Study Sites
The study was conducted in the Mount Sibayak District Deli Serdang and Karo North Sumatra, approximately 52 to 65 km from Medan City. The area is
located at 03°13 –03°1820 N and 98°28–98°3720 E latitude, 870–2050 m
altitude. Mount Sibayak is covered by tropical forest 13.680 ha. The common vegetation at mount Sibayak are Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae and
Rubiaceae . Mount Sibayak has important functions as regulating the climate and
hydrology of the area, cotourism, camping ground, research and environmental education. The maximum temperature in the afternoon is approximately 25°C, the
minimum temperature at night is 13°C to 14°C, annual rainfall is 2400 –2800
mmyear, and relative humidity is 80 –90 .
Figure 1 Map of study sites at Mount Sibayak
Topography of Mount Sibayak is commonly wavy to steep, and some areas are flat. The liverwort specimens were collected at seven study sites Figure 1: 1
Sibolangit campground: ca. 870 m, a recreation area and for camping ground with open vegetation; 2 Jagawana: 880-980 m, has a primary forest and river, 3 Pasir
Putih: ca. 856-935 m, has river, primary and secondary forest, and some area has been open; 4 Dwiwarna waterfall: ca.1027-1152 m, with primary forest; 5
Panatapan: ca.1250-1300 m, secondary forest; 6 Lau Debuk-debuk: ca. 1421- 1572 m, has secondary forest, and planted areas; 7 Brastagi to the summit of
Mount Sibayak: ca. 1421-2000 m, with primary forest and some open areas.
3. 2 Sampling Method
The exploration for collecting liverwort specimens was carried out in November 2011, April 2012, September 2012, October 2012, and June 2013.
Survey explorations were carried out along the tracks in each study sites one track for each location.
On each track, samples were taken at 10 m to the left and 10 m to the right of track. Sample collections were also carried along the river bank and around the
waterfalls. Samples were collected used sharp knife from many substrats such as soils, tree trunks, rocks, rotten logs, and living leaves. For ephyphytes, samples
were collected from the base to 2 meters of tree trunk height. The specimen collected were packed separately as much as possible, either in the field or
directly after returning from the field when the specimens are still fresh
– unless the species are too small to allow separation in the field.
Morphological characters in the field were observed used handlens 10-20 x magnification. Samples collected were put into paper envelopes, or small plastic
bags. Each specimens received a collection number. All information gathered on the specimens were written in the field notebook. Characteristics of the living
liverworts such as color, growth form were noted. The data recorded from habitat were: the kind of substrat, localities and altitudinal measured using altimetre.
GPS Global Positioning System was used for recording the coordinates of the collecting sites.
Specimens were cleaned as well as possible. In order to dry the samples, the envelopes containing leafy liverwort sample were opened and placed on a table or
floor in a dry place without strong air currents. The envelope may also be packed in a broad weave sack or bag and hung in a well-ventilated area. Thalloid
liverworts were pressed and the paper replaced daily. Some living samples were kept for studying the oil bodies, or to facilitate the observation of several
characteristics, especially in Marchantia. For this purpose, a small portion of the sample were kept in plastic and kept cool but not frozen and examined under
the microscope as soon as possible within a few days. Dried samples were placed into clean paper envelopes. Very small samples were placed in tiny paper
envelopes and then placed into standard size herbarium envelopes to avoid loss of material Gradstein 2011. The survey yielded about 900 specimens of liverworts,
from 870 to 2000 m elevation. The specimens were deposited at Herbarium Bogoriense BO, Herbarium of Biology Department University of Sumatra
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