Taxonomy of Particular Taxa

6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Conclusions

A total of 163 species of liverworts Marchantiophyta are reported from Mount Sibayak North Sumatra. Twenty two species are reported as new records for Sumatra. Jagawana has the highest species richness of liverworts, based on the species diversity in the location sites. Most of the species are epiphytes; some others species are terrestrial, saxicolous, epiphyllous; and one species was found in aquatic habitat. The altitudinal distribution indicated that the majority of species 79 species distributed from lowland to lower montane forest, 65 species restricted to lowland forest, and 17 species restricted to lower montane forest. The three largest group of the liverworts based on geographical distribution pattern are South East Asiatic species 34.16, Malesian species 18.63 and Pantropical species 8.70 respectively. Heteroscyphus merapiensis is endemic to Sumatra. Seven species of Marchantia are recorded at Mount Sibayak North Sumatra, one species is new record M. polymorpha for Sumatra, and one species has not been identified Marchantia sp.. Sixteen species of Ptychanthoideae are recorded at Mount Sibayak, three species Mastigolejeunea virens, Schiffneriolejeunea tumida and Thysananthus retusus are new records for Sumatra. Eighteen species of Plagiochila are recognized at Mount Sibayak, two species P. gracilis and P.laxissima are new records for Sumatra. Fourteen species of Radula are recorded at Mount Sibayak, three species R. lingulata, R. loriana and R. reflexa are new records for Sumatra. This study found new characters from particular taxa studied. New variation on female receptacle was found in Marchantia emarginata, that are indistinct to distinct median projection on dorsal surface of female receptacles. However, the species was previously identified based on the distinct rounded median projection on dorsal side of the female receptacles. Marginal gemmae were found on leaf- lobes of Radula sumatrana. The species did not have marginal gemmae on leaf- lobes in previous report. Radula meyeri Steph. which previously recorded in Indonesia only from West Sumatra was found in Mount Sibayak. The species have never been reported in other Malesian region. Other distribution regions of the species are in Thailand and Africa. Three species of Mount Sibayak were reported as new records for Indonesia: Radula loriana Castle., Kurzia lineariloba Mizut., and Kurzia longicaulis Piippo.

6.2 Recommendations

Some particular taxa of liverworts Marchantia, Ptychanthoideae, Plagiochila , and Radula were observed in this study. Comprehensive studies should be conducted on the other taxa, such as the family Lepidoziaceae and Frullaniaceae . The diversity of epiphyllous species is high in the tropical regions. Many specimens of epiphyllous were found in this study, but they have not been identified overall. Futher studies, the epiphyllous liverworts are necessary to be conducted. Studies on the liverworts at the higher mountains are needed since the study only cover the specimens collected from lowland to lower montane forest. Recently, illegal logging, conversion of the area into plantation especially oil palm, human intervention, and also natural disasters in Sumatra affected the normal vegetation succession of the forest including bryophytes. Studies on the bryophytes of Sumatra should be speed up competing with the disturbance of the forest areas. 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