1. 1. Theory of Critical Approaches

7

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter deals with review about related theories and also involves some criticisms about Gwen Hunter and her novel Betrayal. In addition to this chapter, I also present theoretical framework.

2.1. Review of Related Theories

This part consists of two main points, namely theory of literature and theory of psychology. The theory of literature is to give some explanations that can help the reader to understand the novel, while theory of psychology is to provide some psychological explanations that can help in analyzing the characters in the novel.

2. 1. 1. Theory of Critical Approaches

When we want to analyze a novel, we need to know some critical approaches. The approaches help us to decide how we will analyze the novel, so that we can understand it. Rohrberger and Woods 6-15 mention five kinds of critical approaches. They are formalist approach, biographical approach, sociocultural-historical approach, mythopoeic approach, and psychological approach. The formalist approach concentrates on the importance to comprehend the total integrity of the literary work. In this approach, the reader can understand the 8 literary work without concerning reference from outside literary work itself. The second approach is the biographical approach. In the biographical approach, the biography of the author is the basic unit in understanding a literary work. The third approach is the sociocultural-historical approach. In this approach, the readers analyze the literary work based on the civilization that produces the literary work. The fourth approach is the mythopoeic approach. This is used to discover certain universally recurrent patterns of human thought which share the same universal belief to certain community mind. The last approach is the psychological approach. In this approach, the reader analyzes the literary work from the psychological point of view of human being. I decide to use the psychological approach to analyze this novel in accordance with the matter of this thesis. In this approach, I analyze the literary work from the psychological point of view of human being. Rohrberger and Woods 14 state that the psychological approach uses the theory of human psychology as the reference to understand the character in the story. This approach also insists that each character’s behaviors could be referred to the psychology of human being. Through this approach, the character’s thought and behavior can be analyzed. I also choose the psychological approach since this study focuses on the character’s personality development.

2. 1. 2 Theory of Character