42
were asked to the five schizophrenia patients are mostly similar. These questions are very simple and easy including questions about patient identity such as name,
address, questions about their personality, what kind of person are they, questions about family and others people that they know, and question about their feeling.
The interview between interviewer and patients was recorded by using voice or recorder. Then, writer listened to the recorded conversation carefully, and
transcribed the conversation in a script. The script of the conversation between schizophrenia patients and the interviewer is the data in this thesis.
3.4 Data Analysis Method
Mahsun 2005:230 stated that data can be found in two forms: number or also called quantitative data and non-number or also called qualitative data.
Quantitative data is usually analyzed by the use of quantitative analysis, while qualitative data can be analyzed by the use of qualitative one. Since the data in
this analysis are language or words, in this case, conversation between writer and schizophrenia patients, the writer uses qualitative method to analyze all of the
data. Qualitative analysis can be defined as an analysis aimed at recognizing
and explaining the phenomena being analyzed. Basically, there are two strategies in qualitative analysis, there are qualitative descriptive analysis and qualitative
verificative analysis. In this analysis, the writer uses qualitative descriptive analysis to describe language abnormalities produced by the schizophrenia
patients.
43
There are some steps in analyzing the data, a
Identifying the types of language disorder found in schizophrenia paranoid patients based on Andreasen’s theory.
b Classifying the language disorder found in schizophrenia into 18 types
according to Andreasen’s theory. c
Calculating the language disorder found in schizophrenia patients’ utterances. The utterances were counted manually to find the most
dominant type and the most severe patient.
44
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Data Description
The data of this analysis consist of 5 five transcribed interviews between 5 five selected schizophrenia paranoid patients and interviewers writer and
nurse in Simeulue District Hospital.
4.1.1 Analysis
Andreasen 1979 in her journal Thought, Language, and Communication Disorder in Schizophrenia proposed 18 subtypes of language disorder in
schizophrenia patients. Those 18 types of schizophrenic speech are: poverty of speech, poverty of content of speech, pressure of speech, distractible speech,
tangentiality, derailment, incoherence, illogicality, clanging, neologism, word approximations, circumstantiality, loss of goal, perseveration, echolalia, blocking,
stilted speech, and self-reference. There are 5 interview transcribes that were analyzed based on
characteristics from 18 types of schizophrenic speech proposed by Andreasen. In the quotations below, the writer and the nurse become interviewer and symbolized
as “I” and the patients are the respondents and symbolized as “P”.
45
1 Poverty of speech poverty of thought, laconic speech
Poverty of speech is characterized by a restriction in the amount of spontaneous speech, so that replies to questions tend to be brief, concrete and
unelaborated. Unprompted additional information is rarely provided. Replies may be monosyllabic, and some questions may be left unanswered altogether. When
confronted with this speech pattern, the interviewer may find himherself frequently prompting the patient to encourage elaboration of replies.
Based on the characteristics above, the writer found that poverty of speech is found in 3 three of 5 five respondents, they are Patient II, Patient III, and
patient IV as quoted below:
Patient II:
There are at least 19 utterances that indicate poverty of speech found in
patient II, and below, writer quoted some of it as example.
I: Saat ini teman saya ini sedang melakukan penelitian di rumah sakit kita untuk tugas akhirnya menyelesaikan kuliah. Bisa saya minta waktu bapak
sebentar? P: ….. Silent
I: Apakah bapak sudah berkeluarga? P: sudah.
I: sudah punya anak? P: sudah.
I: sudah berapa anak bapak? P: Tujuh.
I: anak bapak sudah bersekolah semua? P: Belum
