The transposition analysis in you're nicked Ms Wiz

ABSTRACT

Feni Oktaviani, The Transposition Analysis in “You’re Nicked Ms Wiz”. Thesis: English Letters Department. Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2011.

This research aims to give description and explanation about transposition and their translations, in this case translation from English to Bahasa Indonesia. The unit analysis of this research is a novel written by Terence Blacker which was published in 1996 by Macmillan Children‟s Books, “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz” and the Indonesian translated novel by Ramayanti which published in 2002 by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, “Kau Tertangkap, Ms Wiz”.

This research was designed as a qualitative research. The qualitative research presents the data of the research in the form of qualitative description. The sources of the data in this study are sentences that contain transposition in English and their translation in Indonesian.

The writer analyzes transpositions from English into Indonesia from the change of structure. According to data analysis, the result of this research is 41

APPROVEMENT

THE TRANSPOSITION ANALYSIS IN “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz”

A Thesis

Submitted to English Department

Faculty of Adab and Humanities in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Strata One

Feni Oktaviani NIM. 206026004277

Approved by:

Moh. Supardi, M.Hum Advisor

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES

STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

LEGALIZATION Name : Feni Oktaviani

NIM : 206026004277

Title : The Transposition Analysis in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz”

The thesis has been defended before the Faculty of Letters and Humanities; Examination Committee on May 18th, 2011. It has been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Strata One in English Letters Department.

Jakarta, May 18th, 2011

The Examination Committee

Signature Date

1. Drs. Asep Saefuddin, M.Pd (Chair Person) __________ _________ 19640710 199303 1 006

2. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum (Secretary) __________ _________ 19781003 200112 2 002

3. Moh. Supardi, M.Hum (Advisor) __________ _________

4. Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd (Examiner I) __________ _________ 19650919 200003 1 002

5. Drs. H. Abdul Hamid, M.Ed (Examiner II) __________ _________ 150 181 922

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief. It contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in text.

Jakarta, Mei 2011

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

All praise be to Allah SWT, Lord of the Universe Who has blessed the writer in completing this thesis. Peace and blessing be upon our Prophet Muhammad SAW, His family, His companions, and all of His followers.

The writer‟s gratitude goes as well to her most beloved parents for their love, support, and continuous prayer. The writer thanks so much for her beloved brother, Zulfikar, and her beloved sisters, Putri and Reni, who always pray and support her.

The writer would like to give her gratitude to Moh. Supardi, M.Hum, as her advisor for his continuous guidance, motivation, patience and correction during finishing this thesis.

The writer would also like to give her special thanks and appreciation for these noble persons:

1. Dr. H. Abdul Wahid Hasyim, M.Ag., the Dean of Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

2. Drs. Asep Saefudin, M.Pd., the Head of English Department.

3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum., the Secretary of English Letters Department.

5. Her best friends, Yanti, Yuli, Ewis, Sandra, and Ibra, who give their support and always accompany her whenever she goes to libraries. Thanks a lot for being with her whether in her „good‟ or even „bad‟. Also thank you so much for Audri, Ifad, Hania, Eli and Udin who always ask her to has graduation as soon as possible because it gives her more motivation.

6. All of her classmates in the English Department; Literature Class and Translation Class, thanks for being her inspiration and motivation.

7. All library staffs of Center Library and English Departement Library of UIN 8. To those that cannot be mentioned one by one, whether directly or indirectly

helping her in completing this thesis.

May Allah bless and protect them always, Amin. Finally, the writer hopes that this thesis will be useful especially for the writer and those who are interested in it.

Jakarta, Mei 2011

The Writer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ……… i

APPROVEMENT ……….. ii

LEGALIZATION ……….. iii

DECLARATION ……… iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ………. v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ……….. vii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ……….. 1

A. Background of the Research ……… 1

B. Focus of the Research ………... 3

C. Research Question ……… 3

D. Significance of the Research ……… 3

E. Research Methodology ………. 4

1. Objective of Research …..………... 4

2. Method of Research …..……….. 4

3. Technique of Data Analysis …..……….. 4

4. Instrument of Research …..………. 4

5. Unit of Analysis ……….. 4

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……….. 6

A. Definition of Translation ………... 6

B. Types of Translation ………. 7

C. Process of Translation ………... 9

D. Transposition ……….………... 11

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS ………... 15

A. Data Description ………... 15

B. Data Analysis ………... 20

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ………... 38

A. Conclusion ………... 38

B. Suggestion ……… 39

BIBLIOGRAPHY ……… 40

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A.Background of the Research

Nowdays, translation is not something foreign but has important role in life because application of translation is touching in the world of science, literature, information, technology, trade and relations between countries. From various languages of the world, English is one of the most important language for her role as an international language. That is why many books to be translated from English into Indonesia. As a lover of foreign story books, of course as Indonesian, we are greatly helped by translation version of book.

According to Catford, translation is the replacement of textual in one language (source language/SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (target language/TL).1 It is process to substituting a text. So a translator must be able in SL and TL. They must have a fair and a feel for their own language because it is compounded of intelligence, sensitivity and intuition, as well as of knowledge.2

A translator should produce a good translation, so result of translation can be enjoyed by all. To improve translation, translation procedure becomes very

1

J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation (Edinburgh: Oxford University Press, 1965), p. 20.

2

Peter Newmark, A Texbook of Translation (London: Prentice Hall International, 1988), p. 4.

important in the harmonization process of translation stages.3 According to The Macquarie Dictionary, “a procedure is the act or manner of proceeding in any action or process”.4

Therefore, in translating a text, a translator must be in accordance with translation procedure because it is useful in translation process.

According to Newmark, there are fourteen procedures that may be needed by a translator in translation process. However, all of which is not necessarily relevant to translation involving Bahasa Indonesia as the target language or source language. One of the fourteen procedures that must be considered in the process of translation is transposition. Transposition becomes a special translation procedure because it can change a structural in SL and TL. Besides being a special translation procedure, transposition can also be applied within a language.5 Transposition has a very important role in translation because the source language often has a different structure from structure of the target language.

According to Newmark, transposition is a change in the grammar from SL to TL.6 For example, the word a strange coincidence is translated into kebetulan (yang) aneh. Here there is transposition that changes structure grammatical from

Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. Second example, the word cats is translated into kucing. Here there is transposition that changes Plural form in English into Singular form in Bahasa Indonesia. In translating text from SL into

3

Frans Sayogie, Teori dan Praktek Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia (Tangerang: Pustaka Anak Negeri, 2009), p. 69.

4

Rochayah Machali, Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah (Jakarta: Grasindo, 2000), p. 62.

5

Basil Hatim and Jeremy Munday, Translation: An Advanced Resource Book (New York: Routledge, 2004), p. 150.

6

Peter Newmark, A Texbook of Translation (London: Prentice Hall International, 1988), p. 85.

TL, transposition is main process in translation that should be taken into account by translator.

By using transposition, a translator can adjust translation in the TL with a more flexible and easier to read. Without transposition, a translation will feel stiff.

Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in analyzing translation shift forms in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz” into “Kau Tertangkap Ms Wiz.”

B.Focus of the Research

The research is focused on analyzing transposition forms in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz (Kau tertangkap, Ms Wiz)”.

C. Research Question

Based on the limitation of the problems above, the writer formulates the problem in the following research question:

What kinds of transposition found in SL (source language) novel and TL (target language) novel of “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz?

D. Significance of the Research

This research is expected to advance knowledge in the field of translation story texts, especially concerning the transposition forms and can motivate the translators to produce a qualified translation of story texts.

E. Research Methodology 1. Objective of Research

Based on the research question, the objective of the research is to know transposition forms in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz (Kau tertangkap, Ms Wiz)”.

2. Method of Research

The method that used in this research is a qualitative method; the writer reads the novel and then analyzes and identifies transposition forms which appear in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz (Kau tertangkap, Ms Wiz)”.

3. Technique of Data Analysis

The obtained data in this research will be analyzed through descriptive analysis technique based on the theories that have been read such as translation procedure and supporting data from several other supporting theories, especially the theory that was proposed by Newmark.

4. Instrument of Research

Instrument in this research is the writer herself as a subject, through reading the novel “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz (Kau Tertangkap Ms Wiz)”.

5. Unit of Analysis

Unit of analysis of the research is texts in a novel written by Terence Blacker which was published in 1996 by Macmillan Children‟s Books, “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz” and the Indonesian translated novel by Ramayanti which published in 2002 by PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, “Kau Tertangkap, Ms Wiz”.

6. Place and Time of Research

The writer starts doing the research on October 2010 at English Letter Department, Faculty of Adab and Humanities State of Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.

CHAPTER II

THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Definition of Translation

There are many definitions of translation on the references that all give the theories of it among others is Catford statement: “Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language”7

Another definition is Nida and Taber: “Translating consist in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the SL message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”8

According to Newmark: “Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text”9. According to him that the translation theorist is concerned with every type of translation procedure. The procedures can be in the form of:

a. Transcription (which may or may not be required for SL institutional or cultural words to provide authenticity or local colour respectively) b. One to one translation

c. Through translation (the literal translation of common collocations)

7

J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation (Edinburgh: Oxford University Press, 1965), p. 20.

8

Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber, The Theory and Practice of Translation (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1982), p. 12.

9

Peter Newmark, A Texbook of Translation (London: Prentice Hall International, 1988), p. 5.

d. Lexical synonymy (translation by a close TL equivalent)

e. Componential analysis (some from of componential analysis should always be preferred to synonymy as provisional translation procedure) f. Transposition (the replacement of one grammatical unit by another) g. Modulation (entails a change in lexical elements, a shift in the point of

view)

h. Compensation (when loss of meaning or sound effect or metaphor in one part of sentence is compensated in another part)

i. Cultular Equivalent (an approximately translation where a SL cultural word is translated by a TL cultural word)

j. Translation label (an approximate equivalent, sometime proposed as a collocation in inverted commas)

k. Definition (recast as a descriptive noun phrase)

l. Paraphrase (amplification or free rendering of the meaning of a sentence)10

B. Types of Translation

In this paper, there are two types of translation. Firstly, according to Catford, he divided it into three terms: Extent, Levels, and Rank:11

1. Extent

Full vs. Partial translation relates to the extent of SL text which is submitted to the translation process. (a) In a full translation, the entire text is every part of the SL text which is replaced by TL text material. (b) In a partial translation is some part or parts of the SL text are untranslatable, such literal

10

Ibid, p. 90.

11

translation, because of more complex; and then they are simply transferred to and incorporated in the TL text.12

2. Level

Total vs. Restricted translation is related to this term. (a) Total translation is replacement of SL grammar and lexis by equivalent TL grammar and lexis with consequential replacement of SL phonology/graphology by (non-equivalent) TL phonology/graphology. (b) Restricted translation is replacement of SL textual material by equivalent TL textual material, at only one level.13

3. Rank

The grammatical units between which translation equivalences are set up may be at any rank, and in a long text the ranks are constantly changing at one point, the equivalence is sentence to sentence, group to group, or word to word.14

Secondly, another types of translation, mentioned that Roman Jakobson in his article „On Linguistic Aspects of Translation‟ distinguishes three types of translation:15

1. Intralingual translation or rewording (an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language).

2. Interlingual translation or translation proper (an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language).

12

Ibid, p. 21.

13

Ibid, p.22.

14

Ibid, p.24.

15

3. Intersemiotic translation or transmutation (an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of nonverbal sign systems).

C. Process of Translation

In translating, a translator must through processes of translation so a translator must understand a SL text and formulating a TL text. In this paper, the writer just shows two processes of translation. Firstly, process of translation in Newmark‟s statement is:16

1. The Textual Level

A translator makes certain „conversion‟ and transposes the SL grammar into their „ready‟ TL equivalents, then translates the lexical units into the sense. This is the level of the literal translation of the SL into the TL. It also acts as a corrective paraphrase and the purer-down of synonyms.17

2. The Referential Level

This is level of objects and events, real/imaginary. A translator visualizes and builds up and which is an essential part, first of comprehension, then of the reproduction process.18

3. The Cohesive Level

This cohesive level contains the two factors: the structure factor (the proceeding from known information (theme) to new information (rheme); proposition, opposition, continuation, reiteration, opposition, conclusion for instance or thesis, antithesis, synthesis), and mood factor (the dialectical factor

16

Peter Newmark, A Texbook of Translation, op cit, p. 19.

17

Ibid, p.22.

18

moving between positive and negative, emotive and neutral. A translator has a spot the difference positive and neutral in, „awesome and „amazing‟. Similarly he has to spot differences between negative and neutral in say „potentate‟ and „ruler‟)19

4. The Level of Naturalness

It is to determine the deviation, and only concerned with reproduction. A translator has to ensure: that his translation makes sense; and that it reads naturally, that it is written in ordinary language, the common grammar, idioms and words that meet that kind of situation. Natural usage comprises a variety of idioms or styles or registers determined primarily by the „setting‟ of the text, secondarily by the author, topic and leadership, all of who are usually dependent on the setting.20

Secondly, according to Nida and Taber, they defined the translation process into four levels. They are:21

1. Analyzing the SL text

A sentence, in this level, will be analyzed into the grammatical, word meaning or word combination, the textual meaning, and the contextual meaning.

2. Transferring

A translator has analyzed and understood material, and she should think in his mind and removes the material of the SL text to the TL text. He, however,

19

Ibid, p. 24.

20

Ibid, p. 25.

21

Zuchridin Suryawinata and Sugeng Haryanto, Translation: Bahasa Teori & Penuntun

doesn‟t produce the sequence of words yet, into the TL text and they are still in his/her mind.

3. Restructuring

A translator tries to find the appropriate words equivalent, and the sentence structures into the TL text. Then, she/he conveyed the messages or meanings into the whole TL text.

4. Revising and Evaluating

The result of translation can be evaluated or suited any more with the SL text. It should make revision, if the result is less completed equivalence of the TL text.

D. Transposition

1. Transposition is termed by Vinay and Darbelnet called transposition involves replacing one word class with other without changing the meaning of the message. In translation, there are two distinct types of transposition:

a. Obligatory transposition: Translation shifts which occur because of the discrepancies in the lexicogrammatical system between the SL and the TL; the compensatory device for the discrepancy is predictable from the text and its context.

b. Optional transposition: Translation shifts which occur because of the translator‟s discretion. In shifts like these, there are formal correspondences, but the translator in light of interpersonal meaning has selected something else.22

22

2. Another statement comes from Newmark and Catford. Transposition that is termed by Catford as a shift is departures „from formal correspondence in the process of going from SL to the TL‟23

and transposition that is termed by Newmark is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from SL to TL.24

In the context of translating English into Bahasa Indonesia, this change occurs as the result of dissimilarities of the system and structure of English and Bahasa Indonesia to convey the same meaning. The application of transposition is aimed to avoid literal translations which only result in an unnatural translation. There are four shifts in transposition:

The First Shift

It is an obligatory transposition and automatic, is caused by the grammatical structure of the target language. It offers the translator no choice and must find the equivalence in the TL text as below:

1. Plural in SL/English becomes Singular in TL/Bahasa Indonesia, such as:

a pair of shorts is translated into sebuah celana pendek.

2. Adjective + Noun in SL/English becomes Noun + Modifier in TL/Bahasa Indonesia, such as: smart student is translated into murid (yang) pintar.25 The Second shift

It is required when an SL grammatical structure doesn‟t exist in the TL text, and there are always options:

23

J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, op cit, p. 73.

24

Peter Newmark, A Texbook of Translation, op cit, p. 85.

25

Frans Sayogie, Teori dan Praktek Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, op cit, p. 71.

1. In Bahasa Indonesia, the object is in front of the sentence, but there is no in English grammatical structure. For example, Baju itu harus kita pakai is translated into We must wear that clothe.

2. In Bahasa Indonesia, the adjective is in front of the sentence, and then followed by the subject, but there is no in English grammatical structure. For example, Bosan aku is translated intoI’m bored.

3. In Bahasa Indonesia, the verbal is in front of the sentence, but it isn‟t unusual in English, except the imperative sentence. For example, berbeda penjelasannya is translated into The explanation differs.26

The Third Shift

It is the one where literal translation is grammatically possible but may not accord with natural usage in the TL text:

1. Noun or Noun phrase in SL becomes verb in TL.27 For example, We must all responsible for the existence of the earth is translated into Kita semua bertanggungjawab untuk menjaga bumi.

2. Noun phrase with Adjective from Verb intransitive in SL becomes Noun + Clause in TL.28 For example, thinking person is translated into orang yang berpikir.

3. Adjective + Noun in SL becomes Noun + Noun in TL. For example,

medical student is translated into mahasiswa kedokteran and engineering technique is translated into teknik (pe)rekayasa(an).29

26

Ibid, p. 72.

27

Ibid, p. 73.

28

The Fourth Shift

It is replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure. For example, He is vey pleasant but his wife is arrogant translated into Ia sangat baik (sekali), tetapi istrinya sangat sombong. The word sekali is the replacement of a virtual lexical gap in Bahasa Indonesia by a grammatical structure.30

29

Rochayah Machali, Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah, op cit, p. 67.

30

Frans Sayogie, Teori dan Praktek Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, op cit, p. 73.

CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDING

A. Data Description

In the data description, the writer finds the cases of transposition between the SL and TL in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz (Kau Tertangkap Ms Wiz).”

The possible structure changes that may occur in transposition can be observed in the table below:

No. SL TL Transposition

1. On page 67:

“Oh I see,” said Mr bailey. “Here we all are in the middle of an English lesson, discussing similes, and Lizzie‟s off in a private fantasy about her cat. That‟s absolutely fine then, isn‟t it?

On page 5:

“Oh begitu,” kata Mr Bailey. “Di tengah pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, saat kita semua sedang mendiskusikan simile, Lizzie malah asyik melamun sendiri tentang kucingnya. Bagus sekali, bukan?

The First Shift, in the first point

2. On page 69:

“Our teacher is like someone who doesn‟t know how you feel when you lose a pet and then he can‟t even manage to be nice when a person‟s so upset that she can‟t concentrate on a boring English lesson, especially when it‟s taught by a cat-hater. Or is that metaphor, sir?”

On page 7:

“Guru kita bagaikan orang yang tak mengerti perasaanmu ketika kau kehilangan binatang piaraan. Dia bahkan tak mampu bersikap ramah, ketika sesorang begitu resahnya sehingga tak bisa memusatkan perhatian pada pelajaran bahasa

Inggris yang

membosankan, apalagi kalau pengajarnya adalah pembenci kucing. Ini simile atau metafora, sir?”

The Third Shift, in the second point and The Fourth Shift

3. On page 70:

said Lizzie‟s mother, when she arrived home. “In cupboards. Down the street. In the park─“ she hesitated. “Under cars.”

dimana-mana,” kata ibu Lizzie, ketika Lizzie tiba di rumah. “Di lemari. Di jalan. Di taman…” ibu Lizzie ragu-ragu sejenak. “Di kolong-kolong mobil.”

The First Shift, in the first point

4. On page 71:

Tears welled up in Lizzie‟s eyes.

On page 9:

Air mata menggenangi mata Lizzie.

The First Shift, in the first point 5. On page 71:

Mrs Thompson put her arm around her daughter. “It‟s dangerous for cats around here. People drive so fast,” she said, adding gently, “He‟s had a good innings.”

On page 9:

Mrs Thompson memeluk putrinya. “Keadaan di sekitar sini berbahaya bagi kucing. Banyak orang yang suka ngebut,” katanya.

Kemudian ia

menambahkan dengan lembut, “Waif sudah mengalami hidup yang menyenangkan.”

The First Shift, in the second point

6. On page 75:

“Listen, miss. I know cats. They wander. Especially toms.”

On page 13-14:

“Dengar, nona. Aku tahu sifat kucing. Mereka suka berkeliaran. Apalagi

tom31.”

The First Shift, in the first point and The Fourth Shift

7. On page 76-77:

“Don‟t worry, miss,” said the second policeman quickly. “We‟ll let you know if we hear of a lost cat just give PC Boote here the details.”

On page 15:

“Jangan kuatir, nona,” kata polisi kedua cepat-cepat.

“Kami akan

memberitahumu, jika kami mendapat kabar tentang kucing yang tersesat. Berikan saja cirri-cirinya pada Kopral Boote sekarang.”

The First Shift, in the second point

8. On page 77:

“What you need is a spot of magic,” said a familiar voice.

On page 16:

“Yang kau perlukan adalah sedikit keajaiban,” kata sebuah suara yang tak asing baginya.

The First Shift, in the second point

31

9. On page 77:

A Strange Coincidence

On page 17:

Kebetulan yang Aneh

The First Shift, in the second point

10. On page 80-81:

An old man at the next table was darting suspicious looks in their direction as he shook a tomato ketchup bottle over his egg and chips.

On page 19:

Seorang lelaki tua duduk di meja disebelah meja mereka. Ia melemparkan pandangan penuh curiga kearah mereka, sambil mengocok botol saus tomat dan menuangkan isinya keatas telur serta kentang gorengnya.

The First Shift, in the first point

11. On page 81:

“I see,” said Lizzie quietly. She was beginning to wonder whether she was right to be here, sitting in a café with Ms Wiz. A worrying thought had occurred to her. Maybe it was somebody pretending to be Ms Wiz. What if this was the Danger Stranger she had always been told never to talk to?

On page 19:

“Oh, begitu,” kata Lizzie pelan. Ia mulai bertanya-tanya apakah perbuatannya ini benar, duduk di kafe bersama Ms Wiz. Pikiran yang mencemaskan melintas dalam benaknya. Barangkali ini orang lain yang berpura-pura menjadi Ms Wiz. Bagaimana kalau dia ternyata Orang Asing Berbahaya yang kata orang tuanya tak boleh diajaknya bicara?

The Third Shift, in the second point

12. On page 84:

“Other facts known?”

On page 22:

“Ada fakta lain yang diketahui?”

The First Shift, in the first point 13. On page 84:

“Yes,” said Lizzie. “It is strange and all the lost cat notices mentioned that they had nice coats. That seemed a bit odd.”

On page 22:

“Ya,” kata Lizzie. “Itu memang aneh. Dan pengumuman tantang kucing-kucing hilang itu menyebutkan bahwa mereka semua memiliki bulu yang bagus. Hal ini sepertinya agak janggal.”

The Fourth Shift and The First Shift, in the first and the second point

14. On page 86:

Do you remember Ms Wiz, our magical teacher?

On page 24:

Mama ingat Ms Wiz, guru

People called her a witch but she always said that she was a paranormal operative. Well it‟s her. Except now she‟s a tramp.

Orang bilang dia penyihir, tapi dia sendiri selalu mengatakan, dia pekerja paranormal. Nah, dialah yang kutemui. Hanya saja, sekarang dia jadi gelandangan.

Shift, in the third point

15. On page 87:

Mrs Thompson read the note again. Slowly the awful truth began to sink in.

On page 25:

Mrs Thompson membaca surat itu sekali lagi. Perlahan-lahan, kenyataan yang mengerikan itu mulai dicernanya.

The First Shift, in the second point

16. On page 88:

Because it wasn‟t really a home at all. It was an extremely old car with flat tyres and dents all over it. It did have curtains but even they were more like rags, hung over the windows to stop people peering in.

On page 26:

Karena itu sama sekali bukan rumah. Itu hanyalah sebuah mobil yang sudah sangat tua, dengan ban-ban yang kempes dan badan lecet-lecet. “Rumah” itu memang bertirai, tapi tirainya lebih mirip kain gombal yang sekadar digantungkan di jendela agar orang tak dapat mengintip kedalam.

The First Shift, in the first and the second point

17. On page 91:

Lizzie couldn‟t believe her eyes. It was as if she was no longer in a rusty old wreck of a car but in a warm country cottage.

On page 29:

Lizzie tak dapat mempercayai matanya. Ia seperti tak lagi berada dalam sebuah mobil tua yang rongsok, tapi dalam sebuah pondok pedesaan yang hangat.

The First Shift, in the first and the second point

18. On page 92:

“Gloves,” said Ms Wiz grimly.” That‟s why all the cats that have disappeared have nice coats.”

On page 30:

“Sarung tangan,” kata Ms Wiz dengan muram.” Itulah sebabnya semua kucing lenyap itu bulunya bagus-bagus.

The First Shift, in the first point 19. On page 96:

“According to information received, this Ms Wiz has in the past turned teachers into geese, removed a school

On page 34:

“Menurut informasi yang kami terima, Ms Wiz ini diwaktu yang lalu telah mengubah guru-guru

The First Shift, in the first point

inspector‟s trousers and released about a thousand white mice into the children‟s ward of a general hospital. That‟s not what I call alright.”

menjadi angsa, melucuti celana panjang, Penilik Sekolah, dan melepaskan sekitar seribu ekor tikus putih kedalam bangsal anak di rumah sakit umum. Menurutku, itu bukannya taka pa-apa.”

20. On page 97:

“This tabby puss is a young „un,” said the older man. “Shall I let it go?”

On page 35:

“Pus betina ini masih muda,” kata pria yang lebih tua. “Apa sebaiknya kulepaskan saja?”

The First Shift, in the second point

21. On page 99:

“The moment we arrive, we put our plan into action,” said Ms Wiz as they drove quietly down the dark streets always keeping a safe distance from the catnappers in front of them.

On page 37:

“Begitu kita tiba, kita akan menjalankan rencana kita,” ujar Ms Wiz, ketika mereka diam-diam berkendara di jalanan yang gelap. Mereka selalu berhati-hati menjaga jarak dari para penculik kucing didepan mereka.

The First Shift, in the first and the second point

22. On page 100:

“What a lovely cat,” Ms Wiz said.

On page 39:

“Kucing yang sangat cantik,” kata Ms Wiz.

The First Shift, in the second point

23. On page 101:

The men were carrying the sack up the steps to the house when Lizzie, now a sleek black cat, went after them. As they opened the door, she slipped in behind them.

On page 39:

Pria-pria itu menaiki tangga menuju ke rumah, sambil membawa karung berisi kucing-kucing hasil tangkapan mereka. Lizzie yang kini sudah menjadi seekor kucing berbulu hitam yang mulus, segera mengejar mereka. Ketika mereka membuka pintu, Lizzie menyelinap masuk dibelakang mereka.

The First Shift, in the second point

24. On page 102:

It was then that she felt a heavy hand on her shoulder.

On page 40:

Saat itulah ia merasakan sebuah tangan yang berat jatuh ke atas bahunya.

The First Shift, in the second point

Nobody noticed you, for example. You could creep under tables and hide in the shadows.

Tak seorang pun memperhatikanmu…itu salah satu contoh enaknya jadi kucing. Kau bisa menyusup kebawah meja dan bersembunyi di tempat gelap.

The First Shift, in the first point and The Fourth Shift

26. On page 104:

“This is the last time I take you on a job,” said the younger man.

On page 42:

“Ini terakhir kali aku memberimu pekerjaan,” kata pria yang lebih muda.

The First Shift, in the second point

27. On page 110:

“Right,” said the sergeant. “She can spend the night in the cells. Tomorrow morning we‟ve got two of Lizzie‟s classmates coming in to tell us whether this really is the famous Ms Wiz.”

On page 48:

“Baiklah,” ujar sersan. “Biar dia menginap di sel malam ini. Besok pagi dua teman sekelas Lizzie akan datang untuk memberitahu kita apakah dia benar-benar Ms Wiz yang tersohor.”

The First Shift, in the first and the second point

28. On page 115:

“Think of them as pelts, Mrs D‟Arcy,” said the younger catnapper nervously. “That‟s what they will be soon.”

On page 55:

“Anggap saja mereka kulit bulu, Mrs D‟arcy,” penculik kucing yang lebih muda berkata dengan gugup. “Sebentar lagi toh mereka akan dikuliti.”

The First Shift, in the first and the second point 29. On page 118:

Just then the older catnapper limped up the stairs from the cellar.

On page 57:

Tepat pada saat itu, penculik kucing yang lebih tua berjalan terpincang-pincang menaiki tangga dari gudang bawah tanah.

The First Shift, in the first and the second point 30. On page 124:

“All right,” said PC Boote, shaking himself as if he had just awoken from a rather strange dream.

On page 63:

“Baik,” kata Kopral Boote, mengguncang dirinya sendiri seakan-akan baru terbangun dari mimpi yang aneh.

The First Shift, in the second point

B. Data Analysis

1. SL: “oh I see,” said Mr Bailey. “Here we all are in the middle of an English lesson, discussing similes, and Lizzie‟s off in a private fantasy about her cat. That‟s absolutely fine then, isn‟t it?”

TL: “Oh, begitu,” kata Mr bailey. “Di tengah pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, saat kita semua sedang mendiskusikan simile, Lizzie malah asyik melamun sendiri tentang kucingnya. Bagus sekali, bukan?”

In the sentence above, there is transposition that changed from

plural in SL into singular in TL: similes is translated into simile. This is transposition in the first point of The First Shift. The translator doesn‟t need to translate similes into simile-simile because it will experience words improvidence that is not appropriate in norm of Bahasa Indonesia.

2. SL: “Our teacher is like someone who doesn‟t know how you feel when you lose a pet and then he can‟t even manage to be nice when a person‟s so upset that she can‟t concentrate on a boring English lesson, especially when it‟s taught by a cat-hater. Or is that metaphor, sir?”

TL: “Guru kita bagaikan orang yang tak mengerti perasaanmu ketika kau kehilangan binatang piaraan. Dia bahkan tak mampu bersikap ramah, ketika sesorang begitu resahnya sehingga tak bisa memusatkan perhatian pada pelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang membosankan, apalagi kalau pengajarnya adalah pembenci kucing. Ini simile atau metafora, sir?”

In the sentence above, there are transpositions in words a boring English lesson that is translated into pelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang membosankan and or is that metaphor sir? that is translated into ini simile

atau metafora, sir?. This translation case shows a structural change from

Noun phrase with Adjective from Verb intransitive into Noun + Clause

and replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure. This is transposition in the second point of The Third Shift and The Fourth Shift. The translator translates a boring English lesson into pelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang membosankan because in SL those words are a noun phrase, so the translator must translate it into noun clause in TL; so that it doesn‟t change the meaning.

3. SL: “I‟ve looked everywhere,” said Lizzie‟s mother, when she arrived home. “In cupboards. Down the street. In the park─“ she hesitated. “Under cars.”

TL: “Mama telah mencari dimana-mana,” kata ibu Lizzie, ketika Lizzie tiba di rumah. “Di lemari. Di jalan. Di taman…” ibu Lizzie ragu-ragu sejenak. “Di kolong-kolong mobil.”

In the sentence above, there is transposition that changed from

plural in SL into singular in TL. This is transposition in the first point of The First Shift. The translator only translates cupboards and cars into

lemari and mobil because in Bahasa Indonesia it represents the entire cupboard and car in the world.

4. SL: Tears welled up in Lizzie‟s eyes. TL: Air mata menggenangi mata Lizzie.

In this translation case, a change of word occurs from plural in SL into singular in TL: tears is translated into air mata and eyes is translated into mata. In English, some noun such as eyes always occurs in a plural form. This is transposition in the first point of The First Shift. The translator translates eyes into mata because eyes consist of two eyes that can‟t separate. If the translator translates into mata-mata, it will have different meaning.

5. SL: Mrs Thompson put her arm around her daughter. “It‟s dangerous for cats around here. People drive so fast,” she said, adding gently, “He‟s had a good innings.”

TL: Mrs Thompson memeluk putrinya. “Keadaan di sekitar sini berbahaya bagi kucing. Banyak orang yang suka ngebut,” katanya. Kemudian ia menambahkan dengan lembut, “Waif sudah mengalami hidup yang menyenangkan.”

In the sentence above, there is translation case typifies a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: good innings is translated into hidup yang menyenangkan. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. In the underline words above, the translator translates good innings into hidup yang menyenangkan because in Bahasa Indonesia a Noun is always followed by Adjective or Modifier.

TL: “Dengar, nona. Aku tahu sifat kucing. Mereka suka berkeliaran. Apalagi tom.”

In the sentence above, the words I know cats is translated into aku tahu (sifat) kucing, the translator use the word sifat, so there is transposition of The Fourth Shift as a replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure and then other transposition that changed from

plural in SL into singular in TL are the words cats and toms is translated into kucing and tom. This is transposition in the first point of The First Shift. The translator translates cats and toms into kucing and tom because in Bahasa Indonesia we don‟t need to say kucing-kucing or tom-tom, we just need to say kucing or tom that is enough to say the entire cat or tom in the world.

7. SL: “Don‟t worry, miss,” said the second policeman quickly. “We‟ll let you know if we hear of a lost cat just give PC Boote here the details.

TL: “Jangan kuatir, nona,” kata polisi kedua cepat-cepat. “Kami akan memberitahumu, jika kami mendapat kabar tentang kucing yang tersesat. Berikan saja cirri-cirinya pada Kopral Boote sekarang.”

In the sentence above, there is transposition in word lost cat that is translated into kucing yang tersesat. This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates lost cat into kucing yang tersesat because in Bahasa Indonesia an adjective or a modifier can‟t be in front of noun.

8. SL: “What you need is a spot of magic,” said a familiar voice. It was the tramp who had seen Lizzie in the park. She was pushing a pram full of old rags. On which sat a china cat with odd, glowing eyes.

TL: “Yang kau perlukan adalah sedikit keajaiban,” kata sebuah suara yang tak asing baginya. Itu suara gelandangan yang tadi melihat Lizzie di taman. Gelandangan itu mendorong sebuah kereta bayi penuh pakaian bekas. Diatasnya bertengger seekor kucing porselen yang matanya tampak berbinar aneh.

In the sentence above, there is transposition that happen; Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. Here there is transposition of word familiar voice that is translated into suara yang tak asing lagi. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates familiar voice into suara yang tak asing lagi because in Bahasa Indonesia, there is no an adjective or a modifier in front of noun.

9. SL: A Strange Coincidence

TL: Kebetulan yang Aneh

This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates a strange coincidence into

kebetulan yang aneh because in Bahasa Indonesia a noun is always followed by adjective or modifier.

10.SL: An old man at the next table was darting suspicious looks in their direction as he shook a tomato ketchup bottle over his egg and chips.

TL: Seorang lelaki tua duduk di meja disebelah meja mereka. Ia melemparkan pandangan penuh curiga kearah mereka, sambil mengocok botol saus tomat dan menuangkan isinya keatas telur serta kentang gorengnya.

There is transposition that happens: Plural in SL into Singular in TL: chips is translated into kentang goreng. This is transposition in the first point of The First Shift. The translator translates chips into kentang goreng

because in Bahasa Indonesia it will experience repetition that doesn‟t need if the translator translates it into kentang goreng-kentang goreng.

11.SL: “I see,” said Lizzie quietly. She was beginning to wonder whether she was right to be here, sitting in a café with Ms Wiz. A worrying thought had occurred to her. Maybe it was somebody pretending to be Ms Wiz. What if this was the Danger Stranger she had always been told never to talk to?

TL: “Oh, begitu,” kata Lizzie pelan. Ia mulai bertanya-tanya apakah perbuatannya ini benar, duduk di kafe bersama Ms Wiz. Pikiran yang mencemaskan melintas dalam benaknya. Barangkali ini orang lain yang berpura-pura menjadi Ms Wiz. Bagaimana kalau dia ternyata Orang Asing Berbahaya yang kata orang tuanya tak boleh diajaknya bicara?

This translation case shows a structural change from Noun phrase with Adjective from Verb intransitive into Noun + Clause: worrying thought is translated into pikiran yang mencemaskan. This is transposition in the second point of The Third Shift. The translator translates a worrying thought into pikiran yang mencemaskan because in SL those words are a noun phrase, so the translator must translate it into noun clause in TL; so that it doesn‟t change the meaning.

12.SL: “Other facts known?”

TL: “Ada fakta lain yang diketahui?”

This translation case shows a structural change from Plural in SL into Singular in TL. This is transposition in the first point of The First Shift. In the underline word above, facts is translated into fakta because in Bahasa Indonesia, it is enough to say all the facts.

13.SL: “Yes,” said Lizzie. “It is strange and all the lost cat notices mentioned that they had nice coats. That seemed a bit odd.”

TL: “Ya,” kata Lizzie, “itu memang aneh. Dan pengumuman tantang kucing-kucing hilang itu menyebutkan bahwa mereka semua memiliki bulu yang bagus. Hal ini sepertinya agak janggal.”

In the sentences above, the words it is strange is translated into itu (memang) aneh, the translator use the word memang, so there is transposition of The Fourth Shift as a replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure and then other transpositions that changed

from Plural in SL into Singular in TL: coats is translated into bulu, and

Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: nice coats is translated into bulu yang bagus. This is transposition in the first and the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates nice coats into bulu yang bagus

because in Bahasa Indonesia Adjective can‟t be in front of Noun.

14.SL: Do you remember Ms Wiz, our magical teacher? People called her a witch but she always said that she was a paranormal operative. Well it‟s her. Except now she‟s a tramp.

TL: Mama ingat Ms Wiz, guru kami yang ajaib? Orang bilang dia penyihir, tapi dia sendiri selalu mengatakan, dia pekerja paranormal. Nah, dialah yang kutemui. Hanya saja, sekarang dia jadi gelandangan.

In the sentence above, there is transposition that happens: Adjective + Noun into Noun + Noun: paranormal operative is translated into

pekerja paranormal. This is transposition in the third point of The Third Shift. The word paranormal operative is a noun phrase in English, but in Bahasa Indonesia is translated into pekerja paranormal that is a unity of noun.

15.SL: Mrs Thompson read the note again. Slowly the awful truth began to sink in.

TL: Mrs Thompson membaca surat itu sekali lagi. Perlahan-lahan, kenyataan yang mengerikan itu mulai dicernanya.

In the sentence above, there is translation case typifies a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: awful truth is translated into kenyataan yang mengerikan because in Bahasa Indonesia an adjective or a modifier can‟t be in front of noun. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates awful truth

into kenyataan yang mengerikan because in Bahasa Indonesia, there is no an adjective or a modifier in front of noun; so that it caused a structural change between SL/English and TL/Bahasa Indonesia.

16.SL: Because it wasn‟t really a home at all. It was an extremely old car with flat tyres and dents all over it. It did have curtains but even they were more like rags, hung over the windows to stop people peering in.

TL: Karena itu sama sekali bukan rumah. Itu hanyalah sebuah mobil yang sudah sangat tua, dengan ban-ban yang kempes dan badan lecet-lecet. “Rumah” itu memang bertirai, tapi tirainya lebih mirip kain gombal yang sekadar digantungkan di jendela agar orang tak dapat mengintip kedalam.

In the sentence above, there are two transpositions that happen: (1)

Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: flat tyres is translated into ban-ban yang kempes, and (2) Plural in SL into Singular in TL: curtains, rags

and windows are translated into tirai, kain gombal and jendela. This is transposition in the first and the second point of The First Shift. In word

flat tyres is translated into ban-ban yang kempes because in Bahasa Indonesia a noun is always followed by adjective or modifier; whereas in words curtains, rags and window, we don‟t need to translate it into plural

word in Bahasa Indonesia, we just need to translate into tirai, kain gombal

and jendela.

17.SL: Lizzie couldn‟t believe her eyes. It was as if she was no longer in a rusty old wreck of a car but in a warm country cottage.

TL: Lizzie tak dapat mempercayai matanya. Ia seperti tak lagi berada dalam sebuah mobil tua yang rongsok, tapi dalam sebuah pondok pedesaan yang hangat.

This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier that consist of adjectives row and number: a warm country cottage is translated into sebuah pondok pedesaan yang hangat beside that, it shows a structural change from Plural in SL into Singular in TL: eyes is translated into mata. This is transposition in the first and the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates warm country cottage into sebuah pondok pedesaan yang hangat because if a noun phrase in English consists of adjectives row and number, the translating begin from the closest adjective with the noun.

18.SL: “Gloves,” said Ms Wiz grimly.”Fur gloves. That‟s why all the cats that have disappeared have nice coats.”

TL: “Sarung tangan,” kata Ms Wiz dengan muram. “Sarung tangan bulu. Itulah sebabnya semua kucing lenyap itu bulunya bagus-bagus.

In the sentence above, there is transposition that changed from

plural in SL into singular in TL: gloves, cats and coats are translated into

sarung tangan, kucing and bulu. This is transposition in the first point of The First Shift. In words gloves, cats and coats are translated into sarung tangan, kucing and bulu because in Bahasa Indonesia, it will experience words improvidence if it is translated into sarung tangan-sarung tangan,

kucing-kucing, and bulu-bulu.

19.SL: “All right?” PC Boote seemed surprised. “According to information received, this Ms Wiz has in the past turned teachers into geese, removed a school inspector‟s trousers and released about a thousand white mice into the children‟s ward of a general hospital. That‟s not what I call all right.” TL: “Tak apa-apa?” Kopral Boote kelihatan heran. “Menurut informasi yang kami terima, Ms Wiz ini diwaktu yang lalu telah mengubah guru-guru menjadi angsa, melucuti celana panjang, Penilik Sekolah, dan melepaskan sekitar seribu ekor tikus putih kedalam bangsal anak di rumah sakit umum. Menurutku, itu bukannya tak apa-apa.”

In the sentence above, there is transposition that changed from

plural in SL into singular in TL: geese, trousers and mice are translated into angsa, celana panjang, and tikus. This is transposition in the first point of The First Shift. In the underline words above, geese, trousers and

mice are translated into angsa, celana panjang, and tikus because it will experience words improvidence that is not appropriate in norm of Bahasa

Indonesia if it is translated into angsa-angsa, celana panjang-celana panjang, and tikus-tikus.

20.SL: “This tabby puss is a young „un,” said the older man. “Shall I let it go?”

TL: “Pus betina ini masih muda,” kata pria yang lebih tua. “Apa sebaiknya kulepaskan saja?”

This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: older man is translated into pria yang lebih tua. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates older man into pria yang lebih tua because in Bahasa Indonesia a noun is always followed by adjective or modifier.

21.SL: “The moment we arrive, we put our plan into action,” said Ms Wiz as they drove quietly down the dark streets always keeping a safe distance from the catnappers in front of them.

TL: “Begitu kita tiba, kita akan menjalankan rencana kita,” ujar Ms Wiz, ketika mereka diam-diam berkendara di jalanan yang gelap. Mereka selalu berhati-hati menjaga jarak dari para penculik kucing didepan mereka.

In the sentence above, there is transposition that changed from

Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: dark streets is translated into

jalanan yang gelap. Beside that in word streets, shows a structural change:

Plural in SL into Singular in TL. This is transposition in the first and the second point of The First Shift. In word dark streets is translated into

jalanan yang gelap because in Bahasa Indonesia a noun is always followed by adjective or modifier.

22.SL: “What a lovely cat,” Ms Wiz said.

TL: “Kucing yang sangat cantik,” kata Ms Wiz.

This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: lovely cat is translated into kucing yang sangat cantik. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates lovely cat into kucing yang sangat cantik because in Bahasa Indonesia a noun is always followed by adjective or modifier.

23.SL: The men were carrying the sack up the steps to the house when Lizzie, now a sleek black cat, went after them. As they opened the door, she slipped in behind them.

TL: Pria-pria itu menaiki tangga menuju ke rumah, sambil membawa karung berisi kucing-kucing hasil tangkapan mereka. Lizzie yang kini sudah menjadi seekor kucing berbulu hitam yang mulus, segera mengejar mereka. Ketika mereka membuka pintu, Lizzie menyelinap masuk dbelakang mereka.

This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier that consist of adjectives row and number: a sleek black cat is translated into seekor kucing berbulu hitam yang mulus. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. This case is

indicating that if a noun phrase consists of adjectives row and number, so the translating begin from the closest adjective with the noun.

24.SL: It was then that she felt a heavy hand on her shoulder.

TL: Saat itulah ia merasakan sebuah tangan yang berat jatuh ke atas bahunya.

This translation case shows a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: heavy hand is translated into tangan yang berat. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates heavy hand into tangan yang berat because in Bahasa Indonesia a noun is always followed by adjective or modifier.

25.SL: Nobody noticed you, for example. You could creep under tables and hide in the shadows.

TL: Tak seorang pun memperhatikanmu…itu salah satu contoh enaknya jadi kucing. Kau bisa menyusup kebawah meja dan bersembunyi di tempat gelap.

In this translation case above, the translator use the words enaknya jadi kucing in translating nobody noticed you, for example into tak seorang

pun memperhatikanmu…itu salah satu contoh (enaknya jadi kucing,), so there is transposition of The Fourth Shift as a replacement of a virtual lexical gap by grammatical structure in TL and then there is transposition of word tables that is translated into meja. A change of word category

occurs from plural in SL into singular in TL. This is transposition in the first point of The First Shift. In word tables is translated into meja because in Bahasa Indonesia, we just need to say meja to say the whole tables in the world.

26.SL: “This is the last time I take you on a job,” said the younger man. TL: “Ini terakhir kali aku memberimu pekerjaan,” kata pria yang lebih muda.

In this translation case above, there is transposition of word

younger man that is translated into pria yang lebih muda. A change of word category occurs from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates younger man into pria yang lebih muda because in Bahasa Indonesia adjective or modifier always follows noun.

27.SL: “Right,” said the sergeant. “She can spend the night in the cells. Tomorrow morning we‟ve got two of Lizzie‟s classmates coming in to tell us whether this really is the famous Ms Wiz.”

TL: “Baiklah,” ujar sersan. “Biar dia menginap di sel malam ini. Besok pagi dua teman sekelas Lizzie akan datang untuk memberitahu kita apakah dia benar-benar Ms Wiz yang tersohor.”

In the sentence above, there are two transpositions that happen (1)

Plural in SL into singular in TL: cells is translated into sel, (2) a change of word category occurs from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier:

famous Ms Wiz is translated into Ms Wiz yang tersohor. This is transposition in the first and the second point of The First Shift. In the first point, the translator translates cells into sel because if we see the whole sentence “she can spend the night in the cells”, it means “dia dapat menghabiskan malamnya di sel” not “dia dapat menghabiskan malamnya

di sel-sel”. So, “she” in this sentence only one person and can spend the night only in one cell. The translator translates famous Ms Wiz into Ms Wiz yang tersohor because in Bahasa Indonesia adjective or modifier can‟t be

in front of a noun.

28.SL: “Think of them as pelts, Mrs D‟Arcy,” said the younger catnapper nervously. “That‟s what they will be soon.”

TL: “Anggap saja mereka kulit bulu, Mrs D‟arcy,” penculik kucing yang lebih muda berkata dengan gugup. Sebentar lagi toh mereka akan dikuliti.”

In the sentence above, there are two transpositions that happen: (1)

Plural in SL into singular in TL: pelts is translated into kulit bulu, (2)

Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: younger catnapper is translated into penculik kucing yang lebih muda. This is transposition in the first and the second point of The First Shift. In word younger catnapper is translated into penculik kucing yang lebih muda because in Bahasa Indonesia there is no adjective or modifier in front of a noun.

29.SL: Just then the older catnapper limped up the stairs from the cellar. TL: Tepat pada saat itu, penculik kucing yang lebih tua berjalan terpincang-pincang menaiki tangga dari gudang bawah tanah.

In the sentence above, there are two transpositions that happen: (1) in word stairs is translated into tangga, a structural change from Plural in SL into singular in TL, (2) in word older catnapper is translated into

penculik kucing yang lebih tua, it shows a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. This is transposition in the first and the second point of The First Shift. In word stairs, the translator translates into

tangga, because “tangga” consist of several “anak tangga”; so in English people called it stairs as a plural noun but in Bahasa Indonesia people just called it tangga as a singular noun; the translator translates older catnapper into penculik kucing yang lebih tua because in Bahasa Indonesia an adjective or a modifier always follows a noun.

30.SL: “All right,” said PC Boote, shaking himself as if he had just awoken from a rather strange dream.

TL: “Baik,” kata Kopral Boote, mengguncang dirinya sendiri seakan-akan baru terbangun dari mimpi yang aneh.

This is translation case typifies a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates a rather strange dream into mimpi yang aneh because in Bahasa Indonesia a noun is always followed by adjective or modifier; so that it caused a structural change between SL/English and TL/Bahasa Indonesia.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

Based on the result of the research that has been conducted by the writer, it can be concluded that there are so many transpositions that can be found in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz”. As the writer knows, English and Indonesia are two different languages that have different rules. So, it causes a different structure between two languages. In this case, the writer also concludes that transposition is a structural change from SL to TL without changing the meaning.

In this research, the writer has found at least forty one transpositions, the details are as follows:

1. The first point of the first shift is a structural change from Plural in SL into Singular in TL: sixteen shifts.

2. The second point of the first shift is a structural change from Adjective + Noun in SL into Noun + Modifier in TL: eighteen shifts.

3. The second point of the third shift is a structural change from Noun phrase with Adjective from Verb intransitive in SL into Noun + Clause in TL: two shifts.

4. The third point of the third shift is a structural change from Adjective + Noun in SL into Noun + Noun in TL: one shift.

5. The words as the replacement of the virtual lexical gap in TL by the grammatical structure which are found in The Fourth Shift: four shifts.

B. Suggestion

There are some suggestions that the writer would like to give as follows:

1. To get a good translation, a translator must be able in SL (source language) and TL (target language) in order to adapt and improvise on the translation.

2. To get a good translation, a translator must have a good knowledge about structure in SL (source language) and TL (target language).

3. To get a good translation, a translator must refer in translation procedure especially transposition.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Basnet, Susan. Translation Studies3rd ed.London: Routledge, 2002.

Bell, Roger T. Translation and Translating: The Theory and Practice. New York: Longman, 1991.

Catford, J.C. Language and Language Learning; a Linguistic Theory of Translation. Edinburgh: Oxford University Press, 1965.

Catford, J.C. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.

Farkhan, Muhammad. An Introduction to Linguistic. Jakarta: UIN Jakarta Press, 2006.

Farkhan, Muhammad. Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra. Jakarta: Cella, 2007.

Hatim, Basil and Munday Jeremy. Translation: An Advanced resource Book. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Hoed, Benny H. (et.al.). “Pengetahuan Dasar Tentang Penerjemahan”, dalam Lintas Bahasa Edisi Khusus, no 1/7/1993. Jakarta: Pusat Penerjemahan fakultas Sastra UI, 1993.

Machali, Rhochayah. Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah. Jakarta: PT Grasindo, 2000. Moentaha, Solihin. Language and Translation: The New Millenium Publication.

Jakarta: Percetakan Kesaint Blanc, 2006.

Newmark, Peter. A Texbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall, 1988. Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. Oxford: Permagon Press, 1981. Nida, E.A. and Taber, C.R. The Theory and Practice of translation. Leiden: E.J.

Brill, 1982.

Sayogie, Frans. Teori dan Praktek Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Tangerang: Pustaka Anak Negeri, 2009.

Suryawinata, Zuchridin and Haryanto, Sugeng. Translation: Bahasa Teori & Penuntun Praktis Menerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2003.

occurs from plural in SL into singular in TL. This is transposition in the first point of The First Shift. In word tables is translated into meja because in Bahasa Indonesia, we just need to say meja to say the whole tables in the world.

26. SL: “This is the last time I take you on a job,” said the younger man. TL: “Ini terakhir kali aku memberimu pekerjaan,” kata pria yang lebih muda.

In this translation case above, there is transposition of word younger man that is translated into pria yang lebih muda. A change of word category occurs from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates younger man into pria yang lebih muda because in Bahasa Indonesia adjective or modifier always follows noun.

27. SL: “Right,” said the sergeant. “She can spend the night in the cells. Tomorrow morning we‟ve got two of Lizzie‟s classmates coming in to tell us whether this really is the famous Ms Wiz.”

TL: “Baiklah,” ujar sersan. “Biar dia menginap di sel malam ini. Besok pagi dua teman sekelas Lizzie akan datang untuk memberitahu kita apakah dia benar-benar Ms Wiz yang tersohor.”

In the sentence above, there are two transpositions that happen (1) Plural in SL into singular in TL: cells is translated into sel, (2) a change of word category occurs from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier:

famous Ms Wiz is translated into Ms Wiz yang tersohor. This is transposition in the first and the second point of The First Shift. In the first point, the translator translates cells into sel because if we see the whole sentence “she can spend the night in the cells”, it means “dia dapat menghabiskan malamnya di sel” not “dia dapat menghabiskan malamnya di sel-sel”. So, “she” in this sentence only one person and can spend the night only in one cell. The translator translates famous Ms Wiz into Ms Wiz yang tersohor because in Bahasa Indonesia adjective or modifier can‟t be in front of a noun.

28. SL: “Think of them as pelts, Mrs D‟Arcy,” said the younger catnapper nervously. “That‟s what they will be soon.”

TL: “Anggap saja mereka kulit bulu, Mrs D‟arcy,” penculik kucing yang lebih muda berkata dengan gugup. Sebentar lagi toh mereka akan dikuliti.”

In the sentence above, there are two transpositions that happen: (1) Plural in SL into singular in TL: pelts is translated into kulit bulu, (2) Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier: younger catnapper is translated into penculik kucing yang lebih muda. This is transposition in the first and the second point of The First Shift. In word younger catnapper is translated into penculik kucing yang lebih muda because in Bahasa Indonesia there is no adjective or modifier in front of a noun.

29.SL: Just then the older catnapper limped up the stairs from the cellar. TL: Tepat pada saat itu, penculik kucing yang lebih tua berjalan terpincang-pincang menaiki tangga dari gudang bawah tanah.

In the sentence above, there are two transpositions that happen: (1) in word stairs is translated into tangga, a structural change from Plural in SL into singular in TL, (2) in word older catnapper is translated into penculik kucing yang lebih tua, it shows a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. This is transposition in the first and the second point of The First Shift. In word stairs, the translator translates into tangga, because “tangga” consist of several “anak tangga”; so in English people called it stairs as a plural noun but in Bahasa Indonesia people just called it tangga as a singular noun; the translator translates older catnapper into penculik kucing yang lebih tua because in Bahasa Indonesia an adjective or a modifier always follows a noun.

30. SL: “All right,” said PC Boote, shaking himself as if he had just awoken from a rather strange dream.

TL: “Baik,” kata Kopral Boote, mengguncang dirinya sendiri seakan-akan baru terbangun dari mimpi yang aneh.

This is translation case typifies a structural change from Adjective + Noun into Noun + Modifier. This is transposition in the second point of The First Shift. The translator translates a rather strange dream into mimpi yang aneh because in Bahasa Indonesia a noun is always followed by adjective or modifier; so that it caused a structural change between SL/English and TL/Bahasa Indonesia.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. Conclusion

Based on the result of the research that has been conducted by the writer, it can be concluded that there are so many transpositions that can be found in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz”. As the writer knows, English and Indonesia are two different languages that have different rules. So, it causes a different structure between two languages. In this case, the writer also concludes that transposition is a structural change from SL to TL without changing the meaning.

In this research, the writer has found at least forty one transpositions, the details are as follows:

1. The first point of the first shift is a structural change from Plural in SL into Singular in TL: sixteen shifts.

2. The second point of the first shift is a structural change from Adjective + Noun in SL into Noun + Modifier in TL: eighteen shifts.

3. The second point of the third shift is a structural change from Noun phrase with Adjective from Verb intransitive in SL into Noun + Clause in TL: two shifts.

4. The third point of the third shift is a structural change from Adjective + Noun in SL into Noun + Noun in TL: one shift.

5. The words as the replacement of the virtual lexical gap in TL by the grammatical structure which are found in The Fourth Shift: four shifts.

B. Suggestion

There are some suggestions that the writer would like to give as follows:

1. To get a good translation, a translator must be able in SL (source language) and TL (target language) in order to adapt and improvise on the translation.

2. To get a good translation, a translator must have a good knowledge about structure in SL (source language) and TL (target language).

3. To get a good translation, a translator must refer in translation procedure especially transposition.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Basnet, Susan. Translation Studies 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2002.

Bell, Roger T. Translation and Translating: The Theory and Practice. New York: Longman, 1991.

Catford, J.C. Language and Language Learning; a Linguistic Theory of Translation. Edinburgh: Oxford University Press, 1965.

Catford, J.C. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press, 1965.

Farkhan, Muhammad. An Introduction to Linguistic. Jakarta: UIN Jakarta Press, 2006.

Farkhan, Muhammad. Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra. Jakarta: Cella, 2007.

Hatim, Basil and Munday Jeremy. Translation: An Advanced resource Book. New York: Routledge, 2004.

Hoed, Benny H. (et.al.). “Pengetahuan Dasar Tentang Penerjemahan”, dalam Lintas Bahasa Edisi Khusus, no 1/7/1993. Jakarta: Pusat Penerjemahan fakultas Sastra UI, 1993.

Machali, Rhochayah. Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah. Jakarta: PT Grasindo, 2000. Moentaha, Solihin. Language and Translation: The New Millenium Publication.

Jakarta: Percetakan Kesaint Blanc, 2006.

Newmark, Peter. A Texbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall, 1988. Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. Oxford: Permagon Press, 1981. Nida, E.A. and Taber, C.R. The Theory and Practice of translation. Leiden: E.J.

Brill, 1982.

Sayogie, Frans. Teori dan Praktek Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Tangerang: Pustaka Anak Negeri, 2009.

Suryawinata, Zuchridin and Haryanto, Sugeng. Translation: Bahasa Teori & Penuntun Praktis Menerjemahkan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2003.