2. Another statement comes from Newmark and Catford. Transposition
that is termed by Catford as a shift is departures „from formal correspondence in the process of going from SL to the TL‟
23
and transposition that is termed by Newmark is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from SL
to TL.
24
In the context of translating English into Bahasa Indonesia, this change occurs as the result of dissimilarities of the system and structure of English and
Bahasa Indonesia to convey the same meaning. The application of transposition is aimed to avoid literal translations which only result in an unnatural translation.
There are four shifts in transposition:
The First Shift
It is an obligatory transposition and automatic, is caused by the grammatical structure of the target language. It offers the translator no choice and
must find the equivalence in the TL text as below: 1.
Plural in SLEnglish becomes Singular in TLBahasa Indonesia, such as: a pair of shorts is translated into sebuah celana pendek.
2. Adjective + Noun in SLEnglish becomes Noun + Modifier in TLBahasa
Indonesia, such as: smart student is translated into murid yang pintar.
25
The Second shift
It is required when an SL grammatical structure doesn‟t exist in the TL text, and there are always options:
23
J.C. Catford, A Linguistic Theory of Translation, op cit, p. 73.
24
Peter Newmark, A Texbook of Translation, op cit, p. 85.
25
Frans Sayogie, Teori dan Praktek Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, op cit, p. 71.
1. In Bahasa Indonesia, the object is in front of the sentence, but there is no
in English grammatical structure. For example, Baju itu harus kita pakai is translated into We must wear that clothe.
2. In Bahasa Indonesia, the adjective is in front of the sentence, and then
followed by the subject, but there is no in English grammatical structure. For example, Bosan aku is translated into
I’m bored. 3.
In Bahasa Indonesia, the verbal is in front of the sentence, but it isn‟t unusual in English, except the imperative sentence. For example, berbeda
penjelasannya is translated into The explanation differs.
26
The Third Shift
It is the one where literal translation is grammatically possible but may not accord with natural usage in the TL text:
1. Noun or Noun phrase in SL becomes verb in TL.
27
For example, We must all responsible for the existence of the earth is translated into Kita semua
bertanggungjawab untuk menjaga bumi. 2.
Noun phrase with Adjective from Verb intransitive in SL becomes Noun + Clause in TL.
28
For example, thinking person is translated into orang yang berpikir.
3. Adjective + Noun in SL becomes Noun + Noun in TL. For example,
medical student is translated into mahasiswa kedokteran and engineering technique is translated into teknik perekayasaan.
29
26
Ibid, p. 72.
27
Ibid, p. 73.
28
Ibid, p. 73.
The Fourth Shift
It is replacement of a virtual lexical gap by a grammatical structure. For example, He is vey pleasant but his wife is arrogant translated into Ia sangat baik
sekali, tetapi istrinya sangat sombong. The word sekali is the replacement of a virtual lexical gap in Bahasa Indonesia by a grammatical structure.
30
29
Rochayah Machali, Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah, op cit, p. 67.
30
Frans Sayogie, Teori dan Praktek Penerjemahan Bahasa Inggris ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia, op cit, p. 73.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDING
A.
Data Description
In the data description, the writer finds the cases of transposition between the SL and TL in “You‟re Nicked Ms Wiz Kau Tertangkap Ms Wiz.”
The possible structure changes that may occur in transposition can be observed in the table below:
No. SL
TL Transposition
1. On page 67:
“Oh I see,” said Mr bailey. “Here we all are in the
middle of an English lesson, discussing
similes, and
Lizzie‟s off in a private fantasy about her cat. That‟s
absolutely fine then, isn‟t it?
On page 5:
“Oh begitu,” kata Mr Bailey.
“Di tengah
pelajaran Bahasa Inggris, saat kita semua sedang
mendiskusikan simile,
Lizzie malah
asyik melamun sendiri tentang
kucingnya. Bagus sekali, bukan?
The First Shift, in the first
point
2.
On page 69:
“Our teacher is like someone who do
esn‟t know how you feel when you lose
a pet and then he can‟t even manage to be nice when a
person‟s so upset that she can‟t concentrate on a
boring English
lesson, especially when it‟s taught
by a cat-hater. Or is that metaphor, sir?
”
On page 7:
“Guru kita bagaikan orang yang
tak mengerti
perasaanmu ketika
kau kehilangan
binatang piaraan. Dia bahkan tak
mampu bersikap ramah, ketika
sesorang begitu
resahnya sehingga tak bisa memusatkan
perhatian pada
pelajaran bahasa
Inggris yang
membosankan, apalagi
kalau pengajarnya adalah pembenci
kucing. Ini
simile atau metafora, sir? ”
The Third Shift, in the
second point and The Fourth
Shift
3.
On page 70:
“I‟ve looked everywhere,”
On page 9:
“Mama telah mencari
said Lizzie‟s mother, when she arrived home. “In
cupboards. Down the street. In the park
─“ she hesitated.
“Under cars.” dimana-
mana,” kata ibu Lizzie, ketika Lizzie tiba di
rumah. “Di lemari. Di jalan. Di taman…” ibu
Lizzie ragu-ragu sejenak. “Di kolong-kolong mobil.”
The First Shift, in the first
point
4. On page 71:
Tears welled up in Lizzie‟s
eyes.
On page 9:
Air mata
menggenangi mata Lizzie.
The First Shift, in the first
point
5. On page 71:
Mrs Thompson put her arm around her daughter. “It‟s
dangerous for cats around here. People drive so fast,”
she said, adding gently, “He‟s had a good innings.”
On page 9:
Mrs Thompson memeluk putrinya. “Keadaan di
sekitar sini berbahaya bagi kucing. Banyak orang yang
suka ngebut,” katanya. Kemudian
ia menambahkan
dengan lembut,
“Waif sudah
mengalami hidup
yang menyenangkan
.” The First Shift,
in the second point
6. On page 75:
“Listen, miss. I know cats. They wander. Especially
toms .”
On page 13-14:
“Dengar, nona. Aku tahu sifat kucing. Mereka suka
berkeliaran. Apalagi tom
31
.” The First Shift,
in the first point and The
Fourth Shift
7. On page 76-77:
“Don‟t worry, miss,” said the
second policeman
quickly. “We‟ll let you know if we hear of a lost cat
just give PC Boote here the
details.”
On page 15:
“Jangan kuatir, nona,” kata polisi kedua cepat-cepat.
“Kami akan
memberitahumu, jika kami mendapat kabar tentang
kucing yang
tersesat. Berikan saja cirri-cirinya
pada Kopral
Boote sekarang.”
The First Shift, in the second
point
8. On page 77:
“What you need is a spot of magic,” said a familiar
voice.
On page 16:
“Yang kau perlukan adalah sedikit keajaiban,” kata
sebuah suara yang tak asing baginya.
The First Shift, in the second
point
31
kucing piaraan jantan
9. On page 77:
A Strange Coincidence On page 17:
Kebetulan yang Aneh The First Shift,
in the second point
10. On page 80-81:
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