2. The types of conceptual metaphor that would be presented in the form of
mapping table, as Structural metaphor, Orientational Metaphor, and Ontological metaphor
. In addition, Personification which related to metaphor is as well considered in the analysis.
1.5 Research Method
A research must consist of approach, technique, procedure, and methodology in order to reveal a phenomenon of knowledge. Methodology is
done in a study in order to give an idea of how to carry out a research. Sudaryanto 1993: 10 stated that “methodology is the way having to be done; technique is the
way of carrying out the methodology”. Moreover, the research method applied here provides the data source, data collection, and data analysis.
1.5.1 Data Source
Theoretically, all the data used in the study can be considered as primary data, since all the data would be taken directly from a primary source, in this
respect, COCA Corpus of Contemporary America. The data for this study would be collected using corpus based-study.
As what has been mentioned previously, a corpus is a collection of machine-readable, authentic text, samples, and representative of a particular
language or language variety. Additionally, the word corpus was formed from a Greek word, corpora, meant as body. Corpus linguistics uses language naturally,
whether it is spoken, academic, newspaper, magazine, fiction, etc. The characteristics of corpus make this study exploratory and interpretative in nature.
Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in corpus based-study. There are some advantages by using corpus in doing a research, they are generate
and verify new linguistics hypotheses, provide textual evidence in text-based humanities and social science subject, and testing existing linguistics theory and
hypotheses. Moreover, a corpus can be more comprehensive and balance. A corpus, as well, is showing what is typical and common. It can store and recall all
the information that has been stored in a short time, providing a real communication context as examples. Furthermore, it is giving more objective
evidences and frequency of words.
1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data
The observation method is the best method to use within the study. Sudaryanto 1993: 133 proposed that “observation method means observing the
language use”. Mahsun 2005: 90 stated that “the idea of this method is not just observing the language use orally, but also the use of language in written form”.
Considering the technique used in collecting the data, this study would adopt more the observation method proposed by Sudaryanto 1993: 133-135,
since metaphorical expressions have something to do with a language use, and Mahsun 2005: 90 that showing written language is observed as well in a study,
in this case using COCA as a data source. Therefore, the observation method and note-taking technique would be applied within the study. Additionally, as
mentioned previously that the expressions picked from COCA are expressions that have target domain and source domain in them metaphorically.
