Picture 1 – the concordance of the word “God” as the KWIC in COCA
This study uses a qualitative study approach to investigate whether or not there are metaphorical expressions related to God in COCA from 1000 data taken
from it. In addition, the inductive approach would be applied in the study. The inductive approach was applied when supporting the theory applied on the data
being analysed Bungin, 2008: 28. Moreover, within the study, firstly the metaphorical expressions related to God would be found and analysed in order to
support the theory of conceptual metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson 1980.
1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data
Bungin 2008: 78 stated that “the methods of collecting data in qualitative research become and are also related with the method of analyzing data because
after the data has been collected, essentially, the researchers have also stayed in step with analyzing the data.
Additionally, in analyzing the data, the method used was Content Analysis Bungin, 2008: 155-159. This Content Analysis has something to do with content
of communication; in this respect are the metaphorical expressions related to God
found in COCA. Moreover, the Content Analysis covers the efforts of: classifying symbols used in the communication, using criteria in classifying, and employing
particular analysis technique in analyzing. Considering the characteristics of the data analyzed as the non-numerical
data or qualitative data, therefore, the analysis of the data would be done by using descriptive qualitative analysis.
Chronologically, the technique of analyzing the data used in the study can be presented and done as bellow:
1. Firstly, the symbols used in the communication, in this case the
metaphorical expressions related to God found in COCA would be identified. The identification of the symbols would be illuminated by using
reading skill and applying the theory and method used. 2.
After the identification of the symbols, then, the data would be categorized and described based on the conceptual metaphor types by applying the
theory proposed by Lakoff and Johnson 1980 and Kövecses 2002. 3.
The next step would be done by revealing the meaning of the metaphorical expressions found.
4. Finally, the result would be achieved and presented through Informal
Method meaning that it is presented through words and sentences instead of using symbols Sudaryanto, 1993: 145.
Moreover, in this present study, the method and technique of analyzing data would be led by firstly the Pragglejaz’s MIP Metaphor Identification
Procedure 2007 and completed by the Steen’s five steeps 1999, 2009 in order to map the expression mentioned metaphorically by using the Steen’s formulas.
