Figure 1: Kemp’s Model 1977: 9 From the instructional model above, the writer would not use all of those
steps, some steps will be used and others will not be used.
2. Integrated Materials
Learning a language means that students should mastery the four skills, those were listening, speaking, reading, and writing. On the learning process,
those skills cannot be separated.. It means that students cannot learn listening or reading while the other skills are not being used. For example, when the students
listen to a recorded material, they need to take a note to memorize what is being told and to answer the questions. Another example is when students are reading a
narrative text, they also need to write the main idea of that text. These examples show the importance of integrated material in teaching a language.
Goa ls, Topics, a n d
Ge n e r a l Pu r pose s
Le a r n e r Ch a r a ct e r -
ist ics
Su bj e ct Con t e n t
Te a ch in g Le a r n in g
Act ivit ie s, Re sou r ce s
Pr e - Asse ssm e n t
Le a r n ing Obj e ct iv e s
Su ppor t Se r vice s
Ev a lua t ion
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Integrated materials are the materials which cover the four skills listening, reading, speaking, and writing. Those are interconnected each other. As stated by
Richard and Rodger 2001: 208, that language use is perceived as involving several skills together. In this case, students are often involved in activities that
able to link the skills, because this is the way how the skills involve in real world. Moreover, the students have certain characteristics in studying. They have their
own style in learning. Sometimes, they are take notes while they are listening, and make summary while they are reading, or give their respond orally to things or
something that they have already read or written. Combining those four skills in one material is a good way to help the students in mastering a certain language.
Besides, students are also able to learn the language easily.
3. School-Based Curriculum 2006
KTSP or School-Based Curriculum is the newest curriculum applied in Indonesia. Department of education in Indonesia expected that all of school in
Indonesia has already applied School Based Curriculum within 2010. According to Muslich 2007: 10 School Based Curriculum is the improvement of 2004
curriculum, which was Competency-Based Curriculum. School Based Curriculum requires every school has their own right to develop the syllabus and lesson plans.
On the other words, the schools themselves should be able to develop the component of the curriculum itself which is suitable and appropriate with the
school’s need. As quoted in Muslich 2007: 17, Badan Nasional
Pendidikan states that the School-Based Curriculum 2006 is the operational curriculum which
is managed and done in each school. This curriculum was recommended to help
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the students to reach the standard of the students’ competencies. Therefore, the materials that are used must be adjusted with the regional characteristics, school
level, students’ characteristic, and social cultural.
4. Communicative Task
