Instructional Materials Integrated Materials

integrated materials is a set material which integrate listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills.

5. Instructional Materials

Materials are the content to be learned in learning process, written in textbooks or papers. According to Bridge and Gagne 1979: 3, instruction is a set of events which affect learners in such a way that learning is facilitated. Sauvignon 1977: 132, states that a set of instructional materials can be resources in pursuing the language activities at hand. In this study, instructional materials refer to a set of units used by the teachers or instructor and the students as the focus of discussing in teaching learning process in order to develop students’ English skills.

6. Integrated Materials

Integrated materials are the materials that focus on the four skills listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The four skills are needed in learning English language. Those are interconnected each other. Richards and Rodgers 2001: 8 state that the students are often involved in activities that link the skills. This study tries to integrate those four skills into a set of supplementary integrated materials and present the design materials for the first grade students of SMP N 2 Sidoharjo. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 9

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, the writer would like to present the review of related literature that becomes the basis for the discussion. The purpose of this chapter is to obtain the better understanding about the basic principles of this study, so that the problems stated in the previous chapter can be answered. In this chapter, there are two major points that are discussed. First, is theoretical description that discusses the related theories which become the basis of the study, and second is theoretical framework that explains the steps in designing the materials.

A. Theoretical Description

In this part, the writer elaborates key points that are used in this study. They are the theories of Instructional Design Model, Research and development, Integrated Materials, School-Based Curriculum 2006, Communicative Task, and Communicative Language Teaching.

1. Models of Instructional Design

Developing a set of integrated materials needs an instructional model to be followed. In this study, the writer referred to Kemp’s instructional model as the main instructional model for the designed materials. The model will be discussed further in the following discussion. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI